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Hansa-Brandenburg W.13

Страна: Германия

Год: 1916

Hansa-Brandenburg - W.11 - 1916 - Германия<– –>Hansa-Brandenburg - W.16 - 1916 - Германия


O.Thetford, P.Gray German Aircraft of the First World War (Putnam)


Brandenburg W 13
   This comparatively large flying-boat was used only by the Austro-Hungarian Naval Air stations. Although the prototype was German designed (Ernst Heinkel) and built, production machines were built under licence by the Austrian Government factory Oeffag and Hungarian Government factory Ufag. A crew of two was carried. Engine, 350 h.p. Austro-Daimler. Span, 20.4 m. (66 ft. 9 1/4 in.). Length, 13.7 m. (44 ft. 11 3/8 in.). Height, 4.23 m. (13 ft. 10 1/2 in.). Area, 81.2 sq.m. (877 sq.ft.). Weights: Empty, 1,550 kg. (3,410 lb.). Loaded, 2,850 kg. (6,270 lb.). Armament, one Schwarzlose machine-gun. Small tactical bomb load.


C.Owers Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft of WWI Vol.2: Biplane Seaplanes (A Centennial Perspective on Great War Airplanes 18)


Type W.13 (Austro-Hungarian K Flying Boat)

   The W.13 was another large flying boat built for production in Austro-Hungary by Phonix and UFAG, and later by Oeffag, as a Type K boat.(5) The prototype was constructed in Germany but none were used by the German air services.
   The first W.13 for the kuk Kriegsmarine was K305 that arrived at Pola in March 1917. This machine crashed on 25 April during trials. The second Brandenburg-built machine, K306, did not arrive until 6 March 1918, indicating problems at the Brandenburg factory at Briest. In the meantime the type had entered active service, with K366 attacking the Italian barracks at Palmanova in August 1917.
   K307 was found by an Italian Torpedo boat on 28 September 1917, having alighted due to engine failure, and was recovered in almost perfect condition. "She appeared to be brand new, well-built, and nicely finished off, a great contrast to K222, captured on 11th August 1917, which was rather cheaply built." The report published by the British noted that the wings were of deep section and large camber. The interplane struts were of 44 mm streamlined steel tubing and inclined inwards from bottom to top. The fin was a hollow three-ply structure built onto the hull that was constructed of three-ply throughout.
   The wings were attached by steel extensions of the main spars that passed through the deck of the hull. The pilot sat on the left side with the observer on the right. He could pass to the front cockpit by means of a sliding door without climbing over the top. The engine was reported to be a 12-cylinder Vee-type Austro-Daimler of 345-hp. Twin Bosch magnetos were fitted, each supplying 12 cylinders. Twin carburettors were fitted on the starboard side, each supplying six cylinders. Starting was achieved by means of a starting crank (removable) on the end of the crank shaft and a standard Bosch starting magneto. The engine was supported on steel bearers.
   The two-bladed propeller had brass tips and was of mahogany except for the central lamination that was of ash. Fuel for eight hours was carried in two tanks located in the hull under the engine. The forward tank held 170 litres, while the aft tank held 590 litres. A gravity tank located in the starboard top plane was fed by air pressure from the main tanks. Full supply also could be made from the main tanks. A hand pump and two mechanical pumps driven off the cam shaft could be used to supply fuel.
   The aileron controls were led from the hull through the wings. Rudder and elevator control runs were along the top of the boat. No controls were duplicated. "The rudder control bar is fitted with rests for both feet, and must be unusually comfortable for a long flight."
   Armament comprised a single machine gun in the front cockpit, the gunner standing to operate the gun. K307 was fitted to carry two 155 kg bombs and fourteen 20 kg bombs. One 155 kg bomb was carried against the hull under the main planes on each side. The bombs could not be released except in a live condition as the fusing wire was operated by the bomb-dropping lever. Fourteen 30 kg bombs could be carried in two "more or less" streamlined boxes mounted on the lower main planes. The bombs could be dropped separately or by turning the lever swiftly, in a box together.(6)
   Despite the "Kappa" having a good record in service, 59 of the 134 known to have been constructed were placed directly into storage, mainly due to the lack of suitable engines.
   After the end of the war, when the French left the Austro-Hungarian seaplane base at Kumbor, the Royal Yugoslav Navy obtained 22 abandoned Austro-Hungarian marine aircraft. There were four Brandenburg W.18 flying boats, five Brandenburg K, and five Brandenburg W.13 boats, together with a Friedrichshafen FF49C, two Rumpler 6B2 floatplanes, and five Lohner TL boats. Some of these, including the Brandenburgs, were pressed into service, mostly as trainers.(7)
   The USN received a number of Austro-Hungarian naval aircraft post-Armistice. On 23 October 1919, it was reported that the Commander, US Naval Forces, Eastern Mediterranean, had arranged with Italian authorities to obtain two ex-Austrian seaplanes from the Naval Air station at Pola. UFAG-built W.13 K405, with a 12-cylinder 450-hp Daimler engine, was shipped to the US by the USS Mars in October 1919, along with UFAG-built FB K248 with a 250-hp Hiero engine,(8) both boats being reported at the Naval Aircraft Factory (NAF) on 1 October 1920. K405 was restored to flight status with a Liberty engine by the NAF. On 4 January 1921, it was reported that the bottom of the hull was weak and old and should be replaced. Whether this was done or not is unknown; however, the flying boat was shipped by air to Hampton Roads, where the USN had its experimental facility, on 27 May 1921. It underwent testing at Hampton Roads with the Bureau No. A-5806. On 18 May 1922, Hampton Roads put in a Trouble Report that noted that the hull had depreciated to such an extent that the machine was no longer safe to fly and as it was beyond economic repair, it was recommended that it be stricken from the list of naval aircraft, this being carried out on 16 June 1922.

(5) The K class of flying boat was introduced to supplement the L Class and to have a greater load and defensive power with a crew of three and a machine gun in the forward cockpit. The types were most often flown with a crew of only two.
(6) UKNA AIR1 /716/27/19/32. "Austrian Flying Boat"K.307."
(7) Why the W.13 boats were listed separately from K boats is not explained. Source: Isaic,V. and Frka, D. Naval Aviation at the Eastern Coast of the Adriatic Sea 1918-1941 (Volume 1), TKO ZNA ZNA, Zagreb, 2010.
(8) NARA RG72 Box 2, File O-ZS-21.


Brandenburg W.13 Production
Serial Manufacturer Notes
K305 - K319 Brandenburg Short hulls. 350-hp Austro-Daimler.
K320 - K364 Brandenburg Long hulls. 350-hp Austro-Daimler. 40 delivered without engine.
K365 - K422 UFAG 350-hp Austro-Daimler. K417 - K421 destroyed in fire at factory.
K425 - K452 Phonix Long hull. Only first 10 delivered, 7 without engine (See below).
K431 & K434 Oeffag 350-hp Austro-Daimler. Possibly sub-contract from Brandenburg.


E.Hauke, W.Schroeder, B.Totschinger Die Flugzeuge der k.u.k. Luftfahrtruppe und Seeflieger 1914-1918


Kampfflugboote
K 305 - K 322 Type Brandenburg W.13/Hansa Brandenburg Dm 350
K 323 - K 364 Type Brandenburg W.13/Hansa Brandenburg ohne Motor
K 365 - K 388 Type Brandenburg W.13/UFAG Dm 350
K 389 Type Brandenburg W.13/UFAG, dort durch Brand zerstört
K 390 Type Brandenburg W.13/UFAG, dort durch Brand zerstört
K 391 - K 397 Type Brandenburg W.13/UFAG Dm 350
K 398 - K 405 Type Brandenburg W.13/UFAG Dm 350
K 406 Type Brandenburg W.13/UFAG ohne Motor
K 407 Type Brandenburg W.13/UFAG Dm 350
K 408 - K 416 Type Brandenburg W.13/UFAG ohne Motor
K 417 - K 422 Type Brandenburg W.13/UFAG. dort durch Brand zerstört
K 425 Type Brandenburg W.13/Phönix Dm 350
K 426 - K 430 Type Brandenburg W.13/Phönix ohne Motor
K 431 Type Brandenburg W.13/Phönix Dm 350
K 432 - K 434 Type Brandenburg W.13/Phönix ohne Motor

C.Owers - Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft of WWI. Volume 2 - Biplane Seaplanes /Centennial Perspective/ (18)
Brandenburg W.13 K377 of the kuk Kriegsmarine, Punisella Naval Air Station, February 1918.
C.Owers - Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft of WWI. Volume 2 - Biplane Seaplanes /Centennial Perspective/ (18)
Brandenburg W.13 K392 of the kuk Kriegsmarine, Trieste Naval Air Station, June-July 1918.
J.Davilla - Italian Aviation in the First World War. Vol.1: Operations /Centennial Perspective/ (73)
Brandenburg W.13 K392, kuk Kriegsmarine, Trieste Naval Air Station, June-July 1918
C.Owers - Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft of WWI. Volume 3 - Monoplane Seaplanes /Centennial Perspective/ (19)
Brandenburg W.13 K405 in Italian service postwar.
C.Owers - Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft of WWI. Volume 2 - Biplane Seaplanes /Centennial Perspective/ (18)
A W.13 taxiing.
C.Owers - Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft of WWI. Volume 2 - Biplane Seaplanes /Centennial Perspective/ (18)
The first kuk Kriegsmarine W.13, K305, at Puntisella, March 1917, is surrounded by what appear to be factory personnel. The figure on the right in a cloth cap is Ernst Heinkel.
C.Owers - Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft of WWI. Volume 2 - Biplane Seaplanes /Centennial Perspective/ (18)
The remains of K305 after it crashed during takeoff while piloted by Lschlt. Hugo Stenta, 25 April 1917. The hull is still fairly well intact, a tribute to the Brandenburg form of construction. Brandenburg CC A33 and Lohner TI L102 are in the background.
C.Owers - Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft of WWI. Volume 2 - Biplane Seaplanes /Centennial Perspective/ (18)
K.307 on the turntable at Brindisi displays the period after the "K" indicating the components were built in Briest, Germany. The red and white wing tip and tail markings are well shown. K307 was captured and the subject of a British report on the type.
E.Hauke, W.Schroeder, B.Totschinger - Die Flugzeuge der k.u.k. Luftfahrtruppe und Seeflieger 1914-1918
K.308 is depicted at the Italian base at Valona two days after its capture by Italians torpedo boats on 1 August 1917. The steep terrain in the background and hangar denote a front-line location.
Seeflugzeug K 308, Type Brandenburg W.13, Valona, 3. August 1918, von italienischen Torpedobooten eingebracht. Sfr Josef Solterer, FIQuMst Johann Grave und FIMatr Adam Sereta gefangen
Гидросамолет K 308, Type Brandenburg W.13, Валона, 3 августа 1918 года, доставлен итальянскими торпедными катерами. Sfr Йозеф Солтерер, FIQuMst Johann Grave и FIMatr Адам Серета попали в плен
J.Davilla - Italian Aviation in the First World War. Vol.1: Operations /Centennial Perspective/ (73)
Captured Brandenburg W.13 K308.
E.Hauke, W.Schroeder, B.Totschinger - Die Flugzeuge der k.u.k. Luftfahrtruppe und Seeflieger 1914-1918
Seeflugzeug K 312. Type Brandenburg W.13. Seeflugstation Kumhor. November 1917; die Oberseiten sind in den deutschen Marinetarnfarben. Hexagonalschema lackiert, die Maschine ist aus Hansa Brandenburg-Produktion
Гидросамолет K 312. Тип Brandenburg W.13. База гидросамолетов Кумхор. Ноябрь 1917 г .; верхние поверхности в немецком морском шестиугольном камуфляже. Самолет производства Hansa Brandenburg.
C.Owers - Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft of WWI. Volume 2 - Biplane Seaplanes /Centennial Perspective/ (18)
K.315 was accepted at Trieste on 3 December 1917. Note the bomb rack on the side of the hull under the wing. This machine is known to have been used as a trainer at Trieste.
C.Owers - Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft of WWI. Volume 3 - Monoplane Seaplanes /Centennial Perspective/ (19)
Closeup of W.13 K.320.
E.Hauke, W.Schroeder, B.Totschinger - Die Flugzeuge der k.u.k. Luftfahrtruppe und Seeflieger 1914-1918
Seeflugzeug K 365, Type Brandenburg W.13, Seeflugstation Pola, Juni 1917, Lizenzbau bei der UFAG, leicht modifiziert mit längerer Bugsektion
Гидросамолет K 365, тип Brandenburg W.13, база гидросамолетов Pola, июнь 1917 г., лицензионное производства UFAG, слегка измененный, с удлиненной носовой частью.
C.Owers - Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft of WWI. Volume 3 - Monoplane Seaplanes /Centennial Perspective/ (19)
Brandenburg W.13 K365 was built by UFAG and entered service on 6 June 1917.The colorful red-white-red rudder with KuK insignia is clearly visible.
C.Owers - Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft of WWI. Volume 3 - Monoplane Seaplanes /Centennial Perspective/ (19)
Brandenburg W.13 K366 on a hoist in Trieste, 1916.
C.Owers - Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft of WWI. Volume 3 - Monoplane Seaplanes /Centennial Perspective/ (19)
Brandenburg W.13 K366 'in the rough' after being shot down by Italian Nieuport fighters from 77a and 80a Squadriglie on 27 October 1917. Italian ace Giovanni Ancillotto was the victor and the crew of Frh-id.Res. Richard Groger and Masch. Alois Mericke were taken POW. K366, the first W.13 to be used on operations, had been part of a raid with three other W.13 flying boats and was downed despite being escorted by two flying boat fighters, one of them flown by Lschlt. Gottfried Banfield, the leading Austro-Hungarian naval ace.
C.Owers - Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft of WWI. Volume 2 - Biplane Seaplanes /Centennial Perspective/ (18)
K368 in the water at Trieste. Accepted on 8 August 1917, this boat survived until a raid on Italian troops on 31 October. The pilot and another crew member were wounded by anti-aircraft fire. The crew managed to bring the machine back to base but it was destroyed in landing. All three crew survived.
C.Owers - Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft of WWI. Volume 2 - Biplane Seaplanes /Centennial Perspective/ (18)
Five 50-kg Skoda bombs are aligned on the side of the hull of K373. Accepted for service on 12 September 1917, at Trieste.
C.Owers - Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft of WWI. Volume 2 - Biplane Seaplanes /Centennial Perspective/ (18)
K374, inflight on 26 January 1918, displays the location of national markings on the top of both wings.
C.Owers - Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft of WWI. Volume 3 - Monoplane Seaplanes /Centennial Perspective/ (19)
Brandenburg W.13 K376 on a hoist at Triest.
C.Owers - Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft of WWI. Volume 3 - Monoplane Seaplanes /Centennial Perspective/ (19)
Brandenburg W.13 K376 carrying a multitude of light bombs.
C.Owers - Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft of WWI. Volume 2 - Biplane Seaplanes /Centennial Perspective/ (18)
The intrepid pilot shows off his flying machine to his lady love! K377 at Puntisella, February 1918.
C.Owers - Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft of WWI. Volume 2 - Biplane Seaplanes /Centennial Perspective/ (18)
Closeup of K377 shows engine installation details.
C.Owers - Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft of WWI. Volume 3 - Monoplane Seaplanes /Centennial Perspective/ (19)
Brandenburg W.13 K377 with Klimburg and dog.
C.Owers - Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft of WWI. Volume 2 - Biplane Seaplanes /Centennial Perspective/ (18)
K379 approaching the slipway where a launching trolley awaits.
C.Owers - Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft of WWI. Volume 3 - Monoplane Seaplanes /Centennial Perspective/ (19)
Brandenburg W.13 K383 or K388; both were shot down by anti-aircraft fire during bombing missions on the Paive Front with their three-man crew were taken prisoner. K383 was lost 19 March 1918 near Cortelazzo while attacking the supply dump at Maranzano, and K388 was lost on 14 April 1918.
C.Owers - Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft of WWI. Volume 2 - Biplane Seaplanes /Centennial Perspective/ (18)
K384 on its beaching trolley.
C.Owers - Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft of WWI. Volume 2 - Biplane Seaplanes /Centennial Perspective/ (18)
K386 at Puntisella in 1918. Note the bombs suspended along the side of the hull. In early 1918 a directive was issued that flying boats were to be painted "above dark and bright below," but does not specify any colors. K386 is in this scheme whereby the hull was divided into two with the bottom painted what is thought to be either a light grey or blue. The upper part was probably left in the usual varnish finish. Wingtips were red/white/red stripes to the full extent of the ailerons.
C.Owers - Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft of WWI. Volume 2 - Biplane Seaplanes /Centennial Perspective/ (18)
W.13 K392 is a backdrop for a casual photo.
C.Owers - Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft of WWI. Volume 2 - Biplane Seaplanes /Centennial Perspective/ (18)
The remains of K404.The strength of the hull is demonstrated by its supporting eight men after its mishap.
C.Owers - Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft of WWI. Volume 3 - Monoplane Seaplanes /Centennial Perspective/ (19)
Hull of W.13 K405 showing two-tone finish with Italian roundels postwar.
C.Owers - Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft of WWI. Volume 3 - Monoplane Seaplanes /Centennial Perspective/ (19)
Closeup of W.13 K405 showing the 13 toggles for small bombs along the fuselage side.
E.Hauke, W.Schroeder, B.Totschinger - Die Flugzeuge der k.u.k. Luftfahrtruppe und Seeflieger 1914-1918
Austro-Daimler Ba 20.100, 350 PS, 12 zyl. V-Standmotor, wasser-gekühlt; die Abbildung zeigt den Einbau in das Flugboot K 405, Type Brandenburg W.13
Austro-Daimler Ba 20.100, 350 л.с., 12 цил. Двигатель V-образный с водяным охлаждением; на рисунке показана установка в летающую лодку K 405, тип Brandenburg W.13
C.Owers - Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft of WWI. Volume 2 - Biplane Seaplanes /Centennial Perspective/ (18)
The starboard upper wing of K405 at the Naval Aircraft Factory in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, showing the kuk Kriegsmarine cross's location and style.
C.Owers - Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft of WWI. Volume 2 - Biplane Seaplanes /Centennial Perspective/ (18)
K425 displays the cross on the bow. After the Italians captured the Lohner flying boat L40 intact and then manufactured a direct copy as the Macchi L1, a regulation was gazetted on 2 January 1916, that the cross be added to the bow. This was applied such that the cross would have the correct proportions when viewed from directly ahead. The Italians marked their hulls with a roundel on the bow.
C.Owers - Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft of WWI. Volume 3 - Monoplane Seaplanes /Centennial Perspective/ (19)
Brandenburg W.13 K425 in September 1918 at Sta. Catarina, Pola.
C.Owers - Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft of WWI. Volume 2 - Biplane Seaplanes /Centennial Perspective/ (18)
Construction of K425 in the Phonix factory.
C.Owers - Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft of WWI. Volume 2 - Biplane Seaplanes /Centennial Perspective/ (18)
C.Owers - Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft of WWI. Volume 3 - Monoplane Seaplanes /Centennial Perspective/ (19)
W.13 K434 was downed by two Italian fighters on 22 August 1918 and captured. Here it is seen in a hangar of the Italian 259a Squadriglia.
C.Owers - Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft of WWI. Volume 2 - Biplane Seaplanes /Centennial Perspective/ (18)
K434 has the serial marked in a different style, probably due to it being built by Oeffag. This flying boat was lost in an attack on Poveglia, the crew being taken POWs and the aircraft recovered by the Italians. The machine is seen here at Venice after capture.
C.Owers - Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft of WWI. Volume 3 - Monoplane Seaplanes /Centennial Perspective/ (19)
Brandenburg W.13 K434 being towed, perhaps after being captured.
C.Owers - Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft of WWI. Volume 3 - Monoplane Seaplanes /Centennial Perspective/ (19)
Brandenburg W.13 under tow. Given the flags, this may be K434 after being captured by Italian forces.
C.Owers - Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft of WWI. Volume 2 - Biplane Seaplanes /Centennial Perspective/ (18)
As Bureau No. A-5806, ex-K405, fitted with a Liberty engine and test flown by the US Navy.
C.Owers - Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft of WWI. Volume 2 - Biplane Seaplanes /Centennial Perspective/ (18)
Brandenburg W.13 Factory Drawing