
Описание
Страна: Германия
Год: 1916
Бомбардировщик
В.Кондратьев Самолеты первой мировой войны
ГАНЗА-БРАНДЕНБУРГ G-I / HANSA-BRANDENBURG G-I
Единственный серийный двухмоторный бомбардировщик, выпускавшийся в Австро-Венгрии, имел немецкое происхождение. В конце 1915 года авиаконструктор Эрнст Хейнкель, работавший в то время на фирме Ганза-Бранденбург, спроектировал двухмоторный бомбардировочный аэроплан G-I.
В начале 1916-го самолет прошел испытания, и им сразу же заинтересовалось австрийское военное командование. У австрийцев уже были налажены связи с фирмой, где они незадолго до этого приобрели лицензию на другую машину Хейнкеля - одномоторный разведчик "Ганза-Бранденбург" C-I, а также два прототипа двухмоторных бомбардировщиков, не пошедших в серию (обозначения - ZM и GF).
Вскоре на венгерском авиазаводе Унгариш Флюгцойгфабрик АГ (UFAG) началась лицензионная постройка бомбардировщика G-I, представлявшего собой улучшенный тип GF. Его конструкция во многом повторяла предыдущие разработки Эрнста Хейнкеля: деревянный фюзеляж с фанерной обшивкой, бипланная коробка с элеронами на верхнем крыле и характерными "заваленными" вовнутрь стойками.
Пилот и хвостовой стрелок размещались в общей кабине с большим овальным вырезом. В носовой кабинке сидел третий член экипажа - стрелок-бомбардир.
Оригинальной особенностью машины был способ установки двигателей. Очевидно, не имея опыта размещения силовых агрегатов на крыле, Хейнкель прикрепил моторы к лонжеронам фюзеляжа на длинных ажурных фермах из стальных труб. Конструкция получилась довольно громоздкой, тяжелой, да к тому же - подверженной вибрациям.
По первоначальному плану UFAG должен был построить 24 машины и еще 48 собирались заказать в Германии, но затем заказ уменьшили до 39 штук, из которых только 12 смонтировали в Венгрии. Некоторые серийные экземпляры отличались от других заостренной носовой законцовкой фюзеляжа. Кроме того, не у всех аппаратов двигатели были закапотированы.
В январе-феврале 1917-го самолеты поступили на вооружение одной из бомбардировочных эскадр итало-австрийского фронта.
Освоение машины сопровождалось многочисленными проблемами, в результате за три месяца фронтовой службы "Бранденбурги" совершили всего один успешный боевой вылет. В апреле все самолеты сдали на базы хранения.
Примерно тогда же австрийцы получили возможность ознакомиться с летно-техническими данными нового немецкого бомбардировщика "Гота" G-IV. Поскольку его показатели были заметно выше, чем у "Бранденбурга", выпуск машины Хейнкеля быстро свернули, а взамен приобрели три десятка "Гот".
Весной 1918-го G-I расконсервировали и попытались использовать как ночные бомбардировщики, но и в этом качестве они не преуспели. До конца войны "Бранденбурги" прослужили в учебных подразделениях.
ДВИГАТЕЛИ
2 160-сильных "Австро-Даймлера".
ВООРУЖЕНИЕ
2 пулемета "Шварцлозе" на горизонтальных полутурелях.
ЛЕТНО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ
Размах, м 18,0
Длина, м 9,8
Площадь крыла, кв.м 70,0
Сухой вес, кг 1776
Взлетный вес, кг 2740
Скорость максимальная, км/ч 133
Время набора высоты, мин/м 30/3000
Экипаж, чел 3
Описание:
- В.Кондратьев Самолеты первой мировой войны
- C.Owers Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft of WWI Vol.1: Landplanes (A Centennial Perspective on Great War Airplanes 17)
- P.Grosz, G.Haddow, P.Shiemer Austro-Hungarian Army Aircraft of World War One (Flying Machines)
- E.Hauke, W.Schroeder, B.Totschinger Die Flugzeuge der k.u.k. Luftfahrtruppe und Seeflieger 1914-1918
Фотографии
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В.Кондратьев - Самолеты первой мировой войны
Hansa Brandenburg G-I (62.01), ВВС Австро-Венгрии, 1916г.
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E.Hauke, W.Schroeder, B.Totschinger - Die Flugzeuge der k.u.k. Luftfahrtruppe und Seeflieger 1914-1918
Hansa-Brandenburg G I 62.01 Wr. Neustadt
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C.Owers - Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft of WWI. Volume 1 - Landplanes /Centennial Perspective/ (17)
Brandenburg G.I(U) 62.07
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P.Grosz, G.Haddow, P.Shiemer - Austro-Hungarian Army Aircraft of World War One /Flying Machines/
Brandenburg G.I(U) 62.08, Fluggeschwader I
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В.Обухович, А.Никифоров - Самолеты Первой Мировой войны
Ганза-Бранденбург G I
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C.Owers - Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft of WWI. Volume 1 - Landplanes /Centennial Perspective/ (17)
The Brandenburg 05.08, prototype for the G.I bomber, in the spring of 1916. The improved undercarriage and engine suspension are clearly shown. The engine mount was modified in the production version.
The sole Brandenburg 05.08 was an intermediate step between the 05.05 prototype and the production Brandenburg G.I. -
P.Grosz, G.Haddow, P.Shiemer - Austro-Hungarian Army Aircraft of World War One /Flying Machines/
Brandenburg G.I(U) 62.01 in August 1916 with the single-wheeled undercarriage, large, tapered engine cowlings, and rear-mounted radiators. The first UFAG-built bomber was accepted in November 1916.
Note the scalloped effect of the trailing edge on this G.I. This is caused by the fabric on top of the wing not being taken back to the rear edge of the wing and the light shining through the one layer on the bottom of the wing. -
C.Owers - Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft of WWI. Volume 1 - Landplanes /Centennial Perspective/ (17)
This UFAG-built G.I has only the single-wheel undercarriage (one wheel per side).
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C.Owers - Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft of WWI. Volume 1 - Landplanes /Centennial Perspective/ (17)
Another view of UFAG-built Brandenburg G.I(U) 62.01, the first of an order for six machines placed on 7 July 1915.
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E.Hauke, W.Schroeder, B.Totschinger - Die Flugzeuge der k.u.k. Luftfahrtruppe und Seeflieger 1914-1918
The first UFAG-built Brandenburg G.I was G.I(U) 62.01, the first of an order for six machines placed on 7 July 1915. It had a single-wheel undercarriage and the radiators were mounted to the rear of the tapered engine nacelles.
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P.Grosz, G.Haddow, P.Shiemer - Austro-Hungarian Army Aircraft of World War One /Flying Machines/
The Brandenburg G.I(U) 62.01 modified with a twin-wheeled undercarriage and cut-back engine cowlings. This aircraft remained attached to the training command.
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P.Grosz, G.Haddow, P.Shiemer - Austro-Hungarian Army Aircraft of World War One /Flying Machines/
Brandenburg G.I(U) 62.01. The twin-wheeled undercarriage shows signs of overload. The flexible entry ladder is an incongruous touch, illustrative of the deficient design of this aircraft.
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C.Owers - Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft of WWI. Volume 1 - Landplanes /Centennial Perspective/ (17)
Engine testing a Brandenburg G.I series 62.5 on the Fluggeschwader I airfield at Divacca in early 1917. The undercarriage has been reinforced with heavy wire bracing and twin wheels were mounted.
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P.Grosz, G.Haddow, P.Shiemer - Austro-Hungarian Army Aircraft of World War One /Flying Machines/
Серийные "Бранденбурги" G-I венгерской постройки.
Brandenburg G.I(U) 62.08 on the Fluggeschwader 1 airfield at Divacca in March 1917. Like the Brandenburg C.I, the wing struts are canted. The fabric-wrapped wing struts were characteristic of the UFAG-built G.I. -
P.Grosz, G.Haddow, P.Shiemer - Austro-Hungarian Army Aircraft of World War One /Flying Machines/
A Brandenburg G.I (62.54?) in the final assembly hall at Briest. At a later date the position of the radiator was shifted to the rear of the engine nacelle.
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E.Hauke, W.Schroeder, B.Totschinger - Die Flugzeuge der k.u.k. Luftfahrtruppe und Seeflieger 1914-1918
Brandenburg G.I 62.54 was part of the first Brandenburg-built production batch of G.I bombers ordered on 12 December 1915 and accepted in June 1916. Numerous problems with these aircraft resulted in bitter arguments between Brandenburg and the LFT.
Brandenburg G.I, Flugzeugnummer 62.54. Waffenversuchsflik des Fliegerarsenals, versuchsweiser Einbau einer 7 cm-Kanone, später Übungsflugzeug
Brandenburg G.I, номер 62.54. Испытательный корпус авиационного арсенала, экспериментальная установка 7-см пушки, позже учебный самолет -
P.Grosz, G.Haddow, P.Shiemer - Austro-Hungarian Army Aircraft of World War One /Flying Machines/
A Brandenburg G.I(U) being assembled at Fluggeschwader I in Divacca in March 1917. That the engines were mounted independent of the wing structure is the sole technical feature deserving mention.
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C.Owers - Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft of WWI. Volume 1 - Landplanes /Centennial Perspective/ (17)
A dark-colored G.I serves as a backdrop for a group photo.
The Brandenburg G.I was originally delivered with the Mercedes radiators mounted in front of the nacelle but were later moved to the rear to improve cooling efficiency. The over-the-wing gravity tank was fitted only to a few bombers. -
C.Owers - Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft of WWI. Volume 1 - Landplanes /Centennial Perspective/ (17)
Installation of the 7 cm Skoda cannon in the G.I required a substantial mount for the weapon. Photographs taken in July 1918. Note the cylindrical magazine. A Schwarzlose M7/12 was mounted over the cannon in order to enable the gunner to line up his target. The front gunner's position was reduced in order to fit the weapon mounted in the extreme nose. The gunner's position must have been very restricted.
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P.Grosz, G.Haddow, P.Shiemer - Austro-Hungarian Army Aircraft of World War One /Flying Machines/
Close-up of the Brandenburg G.I 62.54 on 29 July 1918. A Schwarzlose M 7/12 machine gun, mounted over the cannon barrel, fired tracer ammunition to facilitate gun training. The gunner’s position appears very cramped.
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C.Owers - Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft of WWI. Volume 1 - Landplanes /Centennial Perspective/ (17)
Another view of the 7cm Skoda cannon and Schwarzlose M 16 machine gun mounted in the Brandenburg G.I 62.54. To what extent air firing trials were performed is not known.
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P.Grosz, G.Haddow, P.Shiemer - Austro-Hungarian Army Aircraft of World War One /Flying Machines/
The Brandenburg G.I 62.54 with the 7 cm Skoda cannon installed and an aiming sight projecting through the gunner’s window. Twin wheels have been fitted.
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P.Grosz, G.Haddow, P.Shiemer - Austro-Hungarian Army Aircraft of World War One /Flying Machines/
The Brandenburg G.I 62.54 shown here at Briest with a cannon (or mock-up) mounted in a movable turret fitted with a triangular Cellon aiming window for the gunner.
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C.Owers - Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft of WWI. Volume 1 - Landplanes /Centennial Perspective/ (17)
G.I 62.54 at Briest. The barrel of the cannon (or mock-up) projected from the nose of the modified bomber in a movable mounting.The gunner's Cellon aiming window may be seen above the cannon's barrel. Single wheels are still fitted.
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C.Owers - Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft of WWI. Volume 1 - Landplanes /Centennial Perspective/ (17)
This is thought to be 62.54 without the 7 cm Skoda cannon installed. The machine now has the double wheels each side of the undercarriage.
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J.Herris - Weird Wings of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (70)
The 7-cm Skoda cannon fitted in the nose of a modified G.I bomber in a movable mounting. The gunner's Cellon aiming window above the cannon's barrel gave a very limited field of view. Dual wheels are now fitted.
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P.Grosz, G.Haddow, P.Shiemer - Austro-Hungarian Army Aircraft of World War One /Flying Machines/
In the blurred background, the Aviatik 30.39 prototype was photographed by chance through the wings of an overturned Brandenburg G.I bomber.
Другие самолёты на фотографии: Aviatik (Berg) 30.30 - Австро-Венгрия - 1918
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P.Grosz, G.Haddow, P.Shiemer - Austro-Hungarian Army Aircraft of World War One /Flying Machines/
Brandenburg G.I(U) 62.01. The pilot’s cockpit and rear gunner’s turret with the round bomb containers installed at random positions in the fuselage, probably as an afterthought. The tachometers are mounted behind the windscreen. The pilot’s view of the terrain while landing was totally obscured by the lower wing.
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C.Owers - Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft of WWI. Volume 1 - Landplanes /Centennial Perspective/ (17)
Close-up photo of the rear cockpit of an early G.I.
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P.Grosz, G.Haddow, P.Shiemer - Austro-Hungarian Army Aircraft of World War One /Flying Machines/
A close-up of the 05.08 prototype shows that the mid-fuselage observer’s cockpit of the 05.05 has been eliminated, although the poorly-situated pilot's cockpit has been retained.
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C.Owers - Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft of WWI. Volume 1 - Landplanes /Centennial Perspective/ (17)
The cockpit of Brandenburg 05.08 was well aft like the cockpit of 05.05, but now the engines were cowled.
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C.Owers - Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft of WWI. Volume 1 - Landplanes /Centennial Perspective/ (17)
Close-up of a modified Brandenburg G.I with the forward pilot’s cockpit, standard PuW bomb racks, and open fuselage passage.
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C.Owers - Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft of WWI. Volume 1 - Landplanes /Centennial Perspective/ (17)
Close-up photograph of the rear cockpit of a G.I bomber shows the gunner's seat, gun ring, and equipment.
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C.Owers - Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft of WWI. Volume 1 - Landplanes /Centennial Perspective/ (17)
Bomb, vertical bomb racks, and machine gun in the front cockpit of an early G.I.
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C.Owers - Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft of WWI. Volume 1 - Landplanes /Centennial Perspective/ (17)
Close-up photograph of the front cockpit of a G.I bomber shows the bombardier/gunner's seat and equipment.
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P.Grosz, G.Haddow, P.Shiemer - Austro-Hungarian Army Aircraft of World War One /Flying Machines/
The bombardier’s position in the Brandenburg G.I(U) 62.01. The bomb release triggers are mounted on the shelf above the bomb tubes. Also seen are a clipboard holder, a gimballed compass, and a tripod to hold the bomb-sight above the aiming door. The bombardier was too far removed from the pilot for efficient communication, even if a speaking tube was installed.
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C.Owers - Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft of WWI. Volume 1 - Landplanes /Centennial Perspective/ (17)
G.I 62.07, first machine of the 2nd order from UFAG of 25 February 1916. The weak undercarriage caused this accident. The engine cowlings were usually removed for flight operations.
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P.Grosz, G.Haddow, P.Shiemer - Austro-Hungarian Army Aircraft of World War One /Flying Machines/
Brandenburg G.I(U) 62.07 demonstrating the danger to which the nose gunner was exposed because of the weak undercarriage. Flight operations were generally performed with the engine cowlings removed.
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C.Owers - Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft of WWI. Volume 1 - Landplanes /Centennial Perspective/ (17)
Undercarriage collapse on a snow-patched airfield. This aircraft, 62.56, was among the 30 modified in late 1917 - early 1918. The pilot’s cockpit has been moved forward for better visibility, judging by the incomplete national markings, it appears the ailerons have been replaced. Despite the dual wheels, landing gear failure remained a constant problem with the G.I.
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C.Owers - Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft of WWI. Volume 1 - Landplanes /Centennial Perspective/ (17)
G.I 62.56 is shown in embarrassing circumstances, but now it has been wrecked, perhaps by a severe windstorm as indicated by the destroyed hangar in the background.
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P.Grosz, G.Haddow, P.Shiemer - Austro-Hungarian Army Aircraft of World War One /Flying Machines/
Seven Brandenburg G.I bomber-trainers, including 62.56, were destroyed in a fierce storm on 23/24 September 1918 in northern Italy.
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C.Owers - Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft of WWI. Volume 1 - Landplanes /Centennial Perspective/ (17)
The cause of this accident to the G.I can be seen to have been the weak landing gear, even with the dual wheels fitted each side.
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P.Grosz, G.Haddow, P.Shiemer - Austro-Hungarian Army Aircraft of World War One /Flying Machines/
Brandenburg G.I(U) 62.08, Fluggeschwader I
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В.Кондратьев - Самолеты первой мировой войны
"Ганза-Бранденбург" G-I
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P.Grosz, G.Haddow, P.Shiemer - Austro-Hungarian Army Aircraft of World War One /Flying Machines/
Brandenburg G.I(U) 62.01