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SPAD S.XIII (Spa 13 C-1)

Страна: Франция

Год: 1917

Истребитель

SPAD - SG.1 - 1916 - Франция<– –>SPAD - S.XIV / S.XXIV - 1917 - Франция


В.Кондратьев Самолеты первой мировой войны


СПАД S XIII ( "Спад-13 ") / SPAD S XIII (Spa 13C-1)

   Очередная модификация истребителя "Спад" S VII с новым мотором, более мощным вооружением и рядом усилений в конструкции планера. В частности появились дополнительные подкосы центроплана верхнего крыла.
   S XIII разработан под руководством Луи Бешеро в начале 1917 года. Первый полет опытного экземпляра состоялся 4 апреля, в том же месяце началось серийное производство. Поначалу машина оснащалась 200-сильным редукторным мотором "Испано-Сюиза" 8Ba, затем - 220-сильной "Испано-Сюизой" 8Be. Вооружение составляли два синхронных пулемета "Виккерс".
   Уже в конце мая S XIII начал поступать во французские истребительные эскадрильи. Несмотря на свой "несчастливый" номер, самолет оказался настолько удачным, что французы почти полтора года, вплоть до конца войны не ставили вопрос о его замене, хотя в те времена большинство истребителей морально устаревало буквально за несколько месяцев.
   Более того, S XIII стал самым массовым истребителем Первой мировой войны. К выпуску машины, помимо фирмы SPAD, подключили еще семь авиазаводов и все вместе они сдали около 9300 серийных экземпляров (фирма SPAD - 1941, ACM - 361, "Бернар" - 1750, "Блерио" - 2300, "Борель" - 300, "Кельнер" - 1280, "Левассор" - 340, "Ньюпор" - 700 и SAFCA - 300). Выпуск был прекращен вскоре после окончания войны.
   К моменту своего появления на западном фронте S XIII считался лучшим истребителем союзников по совокупности летных и боевых характеристик. Правда, его превосходство над S VII в летных данных и огневой мощи, по мнению ряда пилотов, сопровождалось усложнением техники пилотирования.
   К осени 1918 года S XIII стал фактически единственным типом одноместного истребителя во французских ВВС. На нем летало в общем счете более 80 истребительных эскадрилий. Самолет оставался на вооружении еще несколько лет после войны. Последние экземпляры французских S XIII списали в 1923 году.
   Кроме того, с июля 1918-го S XIII являлся основным истребителем американских экспедиционных сил в Европе. Всего американцы получили от французов 893 S XIII, из которых 435 штук пережили войну и впоследствии были вывезены в США. Эти самолеты составляли основу американской истребительной авиации вплоть до начала 20-х годов, когда их начали заменять машинами собственного производства.
   Еще 273 самолета французы в 1917 году передали Италии. На них успешно воевали на итало-австрийском фронте 77-я, 91-я и ряд других итальянских истребительных эскадрилий, хотя итальянцы предпочитали "Спаду" более легкий и маневренный "Анрио" HD-1. В том же 1917 году 60 машин получили англичане. На них до апреля следующего года воевал на западном фронте 23-й дивизион RFC. "Спадами" также была вооружена одна бельгийская и одна греческая эскадрилья.
   Утверждение ряда авторов, в том числе - известного авиационного историка В.Б.Шаврова, что несколько экземпляров S XIII до октябрьской революции успело попасть в Россию, пока не получило документального подтверждения.
   Уже после войны 100 штук S XIII в рамках французской военной помощи получила Чехословакия, 40 штук - Япония и еще 40 - Польша. Единичные экземпляры приобрели Перу, Таиланд и Иран, а Германии и Турции несколько таких машин досталось в качестве трофеев.
   Греческие и турецкие "спады" принимали участие в греко-турецкой, а польские - в польско-советской войне 1920 года.
  


А.Шепс Самолеты Первой мировой войны. Страны Антанты


SPAD S.XIII C1 1917 г.

   Эта машина стала лучшим французским истребителем Первой мировой войны и одной из лучших машин этого класса вообще.
   Конструктивно машина незначительно отличалась от самолета S.VII C1. В основном изменения коснулись винтомоторной установки и крыла. Крыло имело более толстый профиль и больший шаг нервюр. Размах верхнего крыла был увеличен на 0,26 м, а нижнего - на 0,15 м. Фюзеляж стал длиннее на 0,14 м. Незначительно увеличилась и хорда крыла. Небольшие изменения коснулись
оперения. В основном это было связано с увеличением площади рулевых поверхностей.
   Нa самолет устанавливался двигатель "Испано-Сьюиза" HS-8 Be (220 л. с.), а позднее HS-8 BEe (235 л. с.). Всего построено 8472 S.XIII C1, в том числе 1411 основной фирмой, 361 - фирмой А.С.V., 1750 - фирмой "Адольф Бернар", 2300 - фирмой "Блерио Аэронаутике", 300 - фирмой "Сосьете Анониме дес Эстеблиссимент Борель", 1280 - фирмой "Келлкер эт сес Филс", 340 - фирмой "Пьер Левассор", 700 - "Сосьете дес Этаблиссимент Ньюпор" и т. д.
   Машины этого типа поступили в эскадрильи французских ВВС в середине 1917 года, к концу того же года - в подразделения Royal Air Force, авиацию русской армии, бельгийские и итальянские ВВС, а в 1918 году - в эскадрильи Американского экспедиционного корпуса. В конце 1917 года SPAD S.VII и S.XIII получили португальские экспедиционные силы. На итальянско-австрийском фронте на S.XIII воевали несколько японских летчиков.
   SPADы после войны купили ВВС Румынии, Югославии, Бразилии. Один SPAD. S.VII C1 завода "Дукс" попал в финские ВВС. Попали они в иранские, турецкие, греческие и таиландские военно-воздушные силы. SPAD S.VII и S.XIII служили в ВВС Польши и Чехословакии.
  
  
ЛЕТНО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ
  
   S.XIII С1 1917г.
   Размах, м 8,08/7,72
   Длина, м 6,25
   Высота, м 2,40
   Площадь крыла, кв.м 20,2
   Сухой вес, кг 601
   Взлетный вес, кг 856
   Двигатель: HS-8Be
   мощность, л. с. 220
   Скорость максимальная, км/ч 220
   Скорость подъема на высоту
   2000 м, мин.сек 4,40
   Дальность полета, км 430
   Потолок, м 6850
   Экипаж, чел. 1
   Вооружение 2 пулемета


В.Шавров История конструкций самолетов в СССР до 1938 г.


"Спад-XIII" - размерами чуть больше предыдущего, двигатель - "Испано-Сюиза" в 200 л. с., конструкция та же, но введен ряд усилений. Вооружение - два синхронных пулемета. Внешне отличался от самолетов типа VII открытым спереди радиатором с жалюзи. Самолет был в единичных экземплярах.


Самолет||
Год выпуска||1917
Двигатель , марка||
   мощность, л. с.||200
Длина самолета, м||6,2
Размах крыла, м||8
Площадь крыла, м2||20,2
Масса пустого, кг||660
Масса топлива+ масла, кг||110
Масса полной нагрузки, кг||260
Полетная масса, кг||920
Удельная нагрузка на крыло, кг/м2||44
Удельная нагрузка на мощность, кг/лс||4,6
Весовая отдача,%||28
Скорость максимальная у земли, км/ч||208
Время набора высоты||
   1000м, мин||2,3
   2000м, мин||5,3
   3000м, мин||8
Потолок практический, м||6500
Продолжительность полета, ч.||2


W.Green, G.Swanborough The Complete Book of Fighters


SPAD S.XIII France

   The combat inadequacies of the S.VII led to substantial revision of the basic design to accept the 200 hp Hispano-Suiza 8B engine and paired synchronised 7,7 mm Vickers machine guns. Designated S.XIII (Spa.XIII Cl), the new fighter embodied many features of the S.VII, notably the single-bay interplane bracing with intermediate struts, rod-and-crank aileron actuation and circular radiator cowling. It bore a close family resemblance to the S.XII, but was, in fact, a completely separate and structurally different aircraft. All major dimensions were larger than those of the S.VII, and an initial batch of 20 S.XIIIs was under construction in February 1917. The Aviation Militaire had 372 S.XIIIs on strength by 1 April 1918. Orders placed with the parent company and eight other contractors (ACM de Colombes, Bernard, Bleriot, Borel, Kellner, Levasseur, Nieuport and S.C.A.) were eventually to exceed 8,470 aircraft, but it seems unlikely that more than 7,300 were completed. In service, the S.XIII was handicapped by the several shortcomings of the geared engine, but saw widespread service. As at 1 October 1918, 764 S.XIIIs were with operational units of the Aviation Militaire, and the RFC received 61 Kellner-built examples between November 1917 and April 1918. Others went to Italian, Belgian and US fighter units, and later production aircraft had modified wings with blunt tips and the 220 hp Hispano-Suiza 8Bc, 8Bd or 8Be. The S.XIII remained in French service until 1923. The following data relate to the 220 hp S.XIII.

Max speed, 135 mph (218 km/h) at 6,560 ft (2 000 m).
Time to 6,560 ft (2 000 m), 4.67 min.
Endurance, 1.67 hrs.
Empty weight, 1,326 lb (601 kg).
Loaded weight, 1,888 lb (856 kg).
Span, 27 ft 1 in (8,25 m) and later 26 ft 6 in (8,08 m).
Length, 20 ft 6 in (6,25 m).
Height, 8 ft 6 1/2 in (2,60m).
Wing area, 227.23 sqft (21,11 m2) and later 217.44 sqft (20,20 m2).


G.Swanborough, P.Bowers United States Military Aircraft Since 1909 (Putnam)


SPAD XIII
   The Spad XIII C-1 was a direct development of the single-gun 150 h.p. Spad VII of 1916, and was one of the European designs selected by the famous Bolling Commission for mass production in the United States. Orders for 2,000 to be built by Curtiss were cancelled and all of the 893 XIIIs delivered to the A.E.F. were procured from the French. A number of XIIIs were fitted with fixed aerial cameras for photo missions.
   Principal differences from the Spad VII were the use of the 220-h.p. geared Hispano engine, twin guns, and a general beefing up along with improved streamlining and rounded wingtips.
   Significant numbers of XIIIs were shipped to the U.S. after the Armistice and served for a while as first line fighter equipment. They were soon relegated to training duties and the troublesome 220-h.p. Hispano was replaced by an ungeared 180-h.p. Wright-Hispano E. The lower thrust line of the direct-drive engine necessitated a new and revised radiator and nose design. This was the principal recognition feature of the redesignated Spad 13E of 1923 (23-938/948).
   Span, 26 ft. 4 in.; length, 20 ft. 4 in.; wing area, 227 sq. ft.; gross weight, 1,811 lb.; high speed, 138 m.p.h.


R.Mikesh, A.Shorzoe Japanese Aircraft, 1910-1941 (Putnam)


Ishibashi SPAD XIII Racing Aircraft

   In an effort to make good some of the loss of the three SPAD XIIIs, Ishibashi built a Japanese version of the type by using salvaged parts and making new parts and structures from manufacturing drawings. Assisting him were his engineer Tsuruzo Takeda and apprentice Ryo Kitazato. Unable to replace the 220hp Hispano-Suiza engine, he bought a 180hp Hispano from Sale & Frazar Ltd as a substitute. A larger fuel tank was installed in the under-fuselage of this single-seat aeroplane to extend the range for his planned competitions. This gave the aeroplane a much fatter appearance than the standard SPAD XIII.
   Upon completion, Ishibashi entered the Fourth Prize-winning Airmail Flying Contest which was flown between Kanazawa on the central northwest coast and Hiroshima on the southwest coast of Honshu on 3 November, 1921. On the way, he was forced to make an emergency landing at Fukuyama, Hiroshima Prefecture, because of lack of fuel caused by stronger than expected headwinds. A year later, Ishibashi entered his aeroplane in the Tokyo-Osaka Airmail Roundrobin Flight Competition. It demonstrated its superior performance with its high speed capability but lost the first place because of an infringement of the rules.


J.Davilla Italian Aviation in the First World War. Vol.3: Aircraft M-W (A Centennial Perspective on Great War Airplanes 75)


Spad 13

  Although the Spad 7 had not been a great success in Italian service, the Italians arranged to import several Spad 13s. It may have been felt that the twin guns would offset the biggest complaint about the Spad 7, that its armament was inadequate.
  However, as plans to produce the type in Italy were never pursued, France would have to supply them. As a result, there were initially only enough Spad 13s to equip 91a Squadriglia, with small numbers being supplied to other fighter units.
  Among the first units to be equipped with the Spad 13 were the only two squadriglias still using Spad 7s as their main equipment: 77a and 91a.
  In June 1918 27 Spad 7s and 15 Spad 13s were supplied to the operational squadriglias. On 20 October there were 43 Spad 13s available; this represented only 6% of all fighters in service. However, only 16 were serving in combat units:
  70a Squadriglia (X Gruppo) - unknown number
  71a Squadriglia (XVII Gruppo) - 3 Spad 13s
  77a Squadriglia (XVII Gruppo) - 3 Spad 13s
  91a Squadriglia (XVII Gruppo) - 10 Spad 13s
  Depots - 34
  Busto Arsizio and Lonate Pozzolo advanced fighter school and Furbara gunnery school - 1
  Riva di Chieri CFS - 1

  At the end of the war the 91 a had 13 Spads.


Postwar

  There were a significant number of Spad 13 airframes (sans engines) available postwar. This would provide the postwar Aviazione with a steady supply of fighters and allow the number of Spad 13s in service with the Regia Aeronautica to widely exceed the number in service during the First World War.

  By 1927, the last Spad 13 had been retired. Some of the Spads continued to serve with training units.

В.Обухович, А.Никифоров - Самолеты Первой Мировой войны
SPAD S.13 (S.7 !)
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
An eearly Spad 13 (S.1895) of Escadrille Spa.48, which was flown by ADJ Jacques Roques
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
A Bleriot-built Spad 13 of Spa.81 carries the running Greyhound squadron insignia. It was flown by ADJ Marius Blanc
M.Schmeelke - Ballon Hoch /Centennial Perspective/ (91)
Spad 13 flown by Lt. Leon Bourjade, Spa 152, 27 total victories, 26 balloons. Bourjade was the leading French balloon buster.
А.Шепс - Самолеты Первой мировой войны. Страны Антанты
Истребитель SPAD S.XIII французского аса Шарля Нунжессера (1917г.)
В.Кондратьев - Самолеты первой мировой войны
Спад S XIII, эскадрилья Spa-15, пилот - су-лейтенант Г.Герен, 1918г.
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
Spad 13C.1, Sergeant Henry Foster, Spa.15, July 1918
А.Шепс - Самолеты Первой мировой войны. Страны Антанты
SPAD S.XIII ВВС Франции
M.Schmeelke - Ballon Hoch /Centennial Perspective/ (91)
Spad 13 "26" flown by First Lt. Frank Luke, 27th Aero Squadron, 18 total victories, 14 balloons. Luke was the leading American balloon buster.
А.Шепс - Самолеты Первой мировой войны. Страны Антанты
SPAD S.XIII 103-й эскадрильи Американского экспедиционного корпуса (пилот Р.Субриан; 1918г.)
А.Шепс - Самолеты Первой мировой войны. Страны Антанты
SPAD S.XIII 23-го эскадрона RFC (1918г.)
J.Davilla - Italian Aviation in the First World War. Vol.3: Aircraft M-W /Centennial Perspective/ (75)
Spad XIII, Maggiore Francesco Baracca, 91a Squadriglia
А.Шепс - Самолеты Первой мировой войны. Страны Антанты
SPAD S.XIII итальянского аса Франческо Барраци (1917г.)
J.Davilla - Italian Aviation in the First World War. Vol.3: Aircraft M-W /Centennial Perspective/ (75)
Spad XIII, Bertini, 91a Squadriglia
W.Pieters - The Belgian Air Service in the First World War /Aeronaut/
SPAD XIII ‘Sp26’, de Chestret de Haneffe, 10me Escadrille
В.Кондратьев - Самолеты первой мировой войны
Бывший французский "Спад" S XIII, захваченный турками в 1918 году на Месопотамском фронте и в дальнейшем участвовавший в греко-турецкой войне 1919-22гг.
W.Green, G.Swanborough - The Complete Book of Fighters
One of the 20 S.XIIIs operated by a Turkish Army aviation company between 1922 and 1930.
А.Шепс - Самолеты Первой мировой войны. Страны Антанты
SPAD S.XIII польских ВВС (1921г.)
А.Шепс - Самолеты Первой мировой войны. Страны Антанты
SPAD S.XIII 2-го полка чехословацких ВВС (1923г.)
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This early Spad 13 is believed to have been one of the twenty pre-production aircraft built during early 1917. These aircraft had a more tapered engine cowling than the Spad 12 and also reintroduced the teardrop-shaped cylinder bank fairings, similar to those used on the Spad 7
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
Among the first French aces to fly the Spad 13 in combat was Guynemer, who was assigned Spad 13 (S.504) in September of 1917. Guynemer was lost flying this aircraft on 11 September. S.504 bears the Stork insignia of Spa.3 (White with Black wings) and Guynemer's personal number, 2 on the fuselage side, however, it did not carry the name Vieux Charles
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
This Spad 13 (S.512), one of the first twenty pre-production aircraft built, was used for official tests by the Section Technique del'Aeronautique at Villacoubly from March through September of 1917
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
This Spad 13 (S.1893), flown by ADJ Jacques Roques of Spa.48, carries the later form of the unit's Fighting Cock insignia. The radiator cowling and the arc around the insignia are Blue, while Roqies' personal number, 7, is in Red
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
This early Spad 13 (S.1929) reveals the rounded wing tips that were common on early production Spad 13s. An unusual feature of this particular Spad 13 is that all the wing ribs have been taped. This aircraft also has a rear-view mirror on the upper wing center section
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
This Bleriot-built Spad 13 (S.2179) is believed to have been assigned to Escadrille N 561 based at Lido Aerodrome, near Venice, Italy. Pilot in the cockpit is thought to be Xavier Garros
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
These Spad 7s and 13s of an unidentified French Escadrille de Chasse parked on a forward French airfield are in the process of having the unit insignia painted on the fuselage. In the foreground is a Spad 7 (S.5190), while behind is a Kellner-built Spad 13 (S.4567)
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
Components for at least two Spad 13s, including S.7542, prepare to leave the Kellner production plant. The aircraft were shipped by truck to a reassembly RGA where they were delivered to French fighter units
H.Cowin - Aviation Pioneers /Osprey/
Developed directly from the SPAD VII, the prototype SPAD XIII flew initially on 4 April 1917. Because of the high degree of commonality with its forebear, the S XIII required the minimum of flight testing and therefore could go straight into production, ensuring that initial deliveries were flowing to operational units by the end of May 1917. With its more powerful 235hp Hispano-Suiza 8 Be, the S XIII could carry two synchronised .303 inch Vickers gun and still reach the much higher top level speed of 138mph at 6.560 feet. Standardised as the prime fighter type with both the French and American Expeditionary Forces, no less than 8.472 S XIIIs were to be built by the time of the Armistice. The machine seen here is carrying Le Prieur rocket projectiles attached to its inboard interplane struts for anti-balloon or anti-airship missions.
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
This Spad at Thionville during 1923, the last year the Spad served with French military aviation. By this time most of the Spads that remained in service were being used as advanced training aircraft
J.Herris - Weird Wings of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (70)
The Spad 13 was the best French fighter in widespread use and a contender for the best operational WWI fighter. It was strong and faster than the Fokker D.VII, but not as maneuverable. Its powerful Hispano-Suiza V8 gave it excellent performance but was a maintenance headache and was never as reliable as the engines in the Fokker D.VII. The Spad 13 was the main French fighter in 1918 and it also equipped the USAS when it became available after the USAS had bad experiences with the more fragile Nieuport 28. Spad 13 fighters were also supplied in small numbers to Italy, Belgium, and the British Royal Air Force.
K.Delve - World War One in the Air /Crowood/
Spad XIII C.1. Powered by the geared 220hp Hispano, the Spad XIII was fast, but not as manoeuvrable as the Spad Vll.
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
Marechal des Logis Rene de Liniere alongside his Spad 13 of Spa.103. Spa.103 was part of the Allied Occupational Forces at Neustadt, Germany during the Spring of 1919. The Spad in the foreground is thought to be a Kellner-built aircraft fitted with a non-standard windscreen
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
Spads of Spa.68 are neatly lined up on a French airfield. The two aircraft in the background is a Spad 7. The French horn on the fuselage side is the unit insignia for Spa.68. The horn and the individual aircraft number are repeated on the upper wing surface
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
Jean Lucas alongside a late production Spad 13 of Spa.97. The wooden fairing around the drag wire which runs from the top of the forward cabane strut to the top of the fuselage has the appearance of an additional strut. The individual number, 12, in White on the fuselage side was also repeated on the upper starboard wing
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
This Spad 13 was assigned to Spa.84, which was also part of the French Occupational Forces stationed in Germany during 1919
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
ADJ Marius Blanc in the cockpit of his Spad 13. Blanc was assigned to Spa.81, Fighting Greyhounds. The Greyhound insignia was one of the most attractive unit insignias used by French forces during the war
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
French officers prepare a Bernard-built Spad 13 for a demonstration flight in Japan. The Spad was part of the French Aeronautical Mission to Japan during 1919. The following year, the Japanese Army Air Force adopted the Spad 13 as its standard fighter under the designation Hei 1
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
The pilot of this early Spad 13 assigned to Spa.3 waits while a ground crewman checks the guns before starting the engine. The pilot at the extreme left is believed to be Guynemer
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
This late production Spad 13, believed to have been assigned to Spa.89, was brought down intact by LT Albert Hausmann of Jasta 13 in August of 1918. The aircraft was repainted in German markings and was test flown by Jasta 13
Jane's All The World Aircraft 1919 /Jane's/
A general view of a Spad XIII in the air.
В.Кондратьев - Самолеты первой мировой войны
Восстановленный "Спад" S XIII на современном летном показе.
В.Кондратьев - Самолеты первой мировой войны
Один из "спадов" S XIII, вывезенных по окончании Первой мировой войны в США. На этой машине 220-сильный французский двигатель "Испано-Сюиза" 8Ве заменен на 180-сильный американский безредукторный мотор "Райт-Испано".
G.Swanborough, P.Bowers - United States Military Aircraft since 1909 /Putnam/
В.Кондратьев - Самолеты первой мировой войны
C.Owers - Fokker Aircraft of WWI. Vol.7: Postwar /Centennial Perspective/ (67)
A Hanriot H.D.1, Fokker D.VIII and a Spad at Fubara airfield.
J.Herris, J.Leckscheid - Fokker Aircraft of WWI. Vol.5: 1918 Designs Part 2: D.VII & E.V/D.VIII /Centennial Perspective/ (55)
D.VII (O.A.W.) 4488/18 in American hands. The fighter is fully armed and appears to be in original colour scheme. Spad XIII fighters of the 138th Aero Squadron are in the background.
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
S.P.A.D., along with eight different subcontractors were involved in the production of the Spad 13. The aircraft factories of that period appear very primitive when compared with a modern aero-space plant. It is difficult to believe that thousands of Spads were built under such conditions
J.Davilla - Italian Aviation in the First World War. Vol.1: Operations /Centennial Perspective/ (73)
This posed, formal portrait was taken on 10 May 1918. Baracca was now a Maggiore and the commanding officer of the 91 st Squadron. Note how his chest is full of medals. This SPAD, S.2445, was retired on 21 May, and he was flying a SPAD VII when killed on 19 June 1918. According to Italian sources, Baracca was killed by ground fire while leading a ground attack mission. (Via Paolo Varriale)
H.Cowin - Aviation Pioneers /Osprey/
Francesco Baracca, born on 9 May 1888, had held a commission in the crack Royal Piedmont Cavalry since the age of nineteen, to which he added his military aviator's 'wings' in 1912. Too late to put his flying experience to use in the Italian-Turkish War of 1911-1912, Baracca spent the years between 1912 and 1915 as a touring flying instructor, going from one military airfield to another. Interspersed with these duties, Baracca was asked to fly and evaluate many of the new military aircraft being offered to the Italian Government. Baracca was with a Paris-based Italian military mission at the time Italy declared war on the Austro-Hungarian Empire, on 19 May 1915, shortly afterwards returning to Italy to join a Nieuport 10 squadron serving on the Udine Front. Baracca's first confirmed 'kill' cook a long seven months to materialise and came in the wake of his transfer to the single seat Nieuport 11-equipped 70th squadriglia at the end of 1915. This first victory, on 7 April 1916, involved a two seat Austrian Aviatik. Following in the footsteps of such great fighter aces as James McCudden and Manfred von Richthofen, Baracca appears to have specialised in downing two seaters. In June 1917, Baracca, whose current score was 13, took command of the SPAD S VII -equipped 91st squadriglia. By November, when the 91st exchanged its SPAD S VIIs for the more potent SPAD S XIII, Baracca had taken his tally of kills' to 30. Some indication of how the German-led Austro-Hungarian thrust to the Piave was to effect the local air war can be gauged from the fact that over the next seven months, Major Baracca only managed to add a further 4 victories to his score, prior to meeting his own end, on 18 June 1918, when, having set off with two companions, he failed to return from a ground strafing mission. Italy's leading air ace, Baracca is seen here standing beside his SPAD XIII that carried his personal emblem of a rampant stallion.
J.Davilla - Italian Aviation in the First World War. Vol.3: Aircraft M-W /Centennial Perspective/ (75)
Rear quarter view of the Spad 13 of Italian ace Fulco Ruffo di Calabria. Note the early rounded wingtips on this Spad 13. Ruffo was credited with 20 victories and survived the war. (Roberto Gentilli)
J.Davilla - Italian Aviation in the First World War. Vol.3: Aircraft M-W /Centennial Perspective/ (75)
Two Italian Spad 13s; note their early-production rounded wingtips. (Roberto Gentilli)
J.Davilla - Italian Aviation in the First World War. Vol.1: Operations /Centennial Perspective/ (73)
Spad 13 #2233 of the 71a Squadriglia in late 1918.
J.Davilla - Italian Aviation in the First World War. Vol.2: Aircraft A-H /Centennial Perspective/ (74)
FIAT R.2 with 270hp Fiat engine on its airfield at right, Spad 13 in middle, Hanriot HD.1 in left background.
Z.Czirok - Austro-Hungarian Fighter Units of WWI. Volume 1 /Aeronaut/ (1)
Ten. Bacula of 91a Squadriglia, the witness of Scaroni's air victory on 21st June 1918. (Roberto Gentilli)
W.Pieters - The Belgian Air Service in the First World War /Aeronaut/
The nose of Sous-Lieutenant Edmond Thieffry’s SPAD XIII, with white and red cowling. Thieffry was shot down and taken prisoner in this aircraft on 23 February 1918.
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
CAPT Robert Soubiran standing next to his Spad 13 (S.7714) of the 103rd Aero Squadron (formerly the Lafayette Escadrille). The Indian head unit marking was framed by a White-outlined Red diamond. The diamond was repeated on the horizontal tailplane, but without the White outline, and a tri-color stripe was added to the fuselage and radiator cowling
J.Herris - Weird Wings of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (70)
The SPAD S XIII of the 22nd Aero Squadron, seen here, was an early production example of 893 S XIIIs purchased by the American Expeditionary Force and used a 200hp Hispano-Suiza 8B, rather than the 235hp 8 Bec of later aircraft. Contracts for another 6.000 Curtiss-built machines were cancelled in the wake of the Armistice, but 435 existing S XIIIs were shipped back to the US after the war, being used as fighter trainers, following re-engining with the de-rated 180hp Wright-Hispano. Incidentally, the 22nd Aero was declared operational on 22 August 1918 and was one of the few units to survive the immediate post-war run-down to become the 22nd Pursuit Squadron.
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
This Kellner-built Spad 13 (S.16541) was flown by MAJ Robert L. Walsh of the 22nd Aero Squadron, USAS. The fuselage number was Red, outlined in White, and the radiator cowling was Blue. This aircraft was a companion to the one which is now in the National Air and Space Museum in Washington
W.Green, G.Swanborough - The Complete Book of Fighters
The S.XIII, the photo depicting an aircraft of the 22nd Aero Sqn of US Air Service, 1919.
M.Schmeelke - Ballon Hoch /Centennial Perspective/ (91)
Frank Luke in front of his Spad XIII C1 No. 26 in Rembercourt. (Jack Herris)
W.Green, G.Swanborough - The Complete Book of Fighters
An S.XIII flown by Capt Eddie Rickenbacker (seen in front of aircraft) of the 94th Aero Sqn.
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
CAPT Edward V (Eddie) Rickenbacker, America's leading ace, in the cockpit of his Spad 13 (S.4523) of the 94th Aero Squadron. The Hat-in-the-Ring unit marking was carried on both sides of the fuselage along with a White numeral 1 outlined in Red, which was repeated on the starboard upper wing surface. Rickenbacker scored twenty-one of his twenty-six victories in this aircraft
В.Обухович, А.Никифоров - Самолеты Первой Мировой войны
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
This Spad 13 served with the 2nd Air Regiment of the Czechoslovakian Air Force during 1925. The national insignia under the wing is a representation of the Czech flag
A.Olejko - War Wings Over Galicia 1918-1919 /Aeronaut/
Fokker Slayer... In 1920, the most modern French Fighter XIII C.1 fighter planes equipped the 7th, 18th, and 19th Fighter Squadrons and the 1st and 14th Reconnaissance Squadrons. Soon, a group raid of the 18th Fighter Squadron in Minsk on October 13, 1920 made history. (W. Sankowski's collection)
R.Mikesh, A.Shorzoe - Japanese Aircraft, 1910-1941 /Putnam/
Ishibashi SPAD XIII Racing Aeroplane
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
This photo from an instruction manual shows the SPAD 13 armament from rear. Ammunition was fed from boxes below and inside the fuselage. Gun cocking handles are just forward of the windshield. Ammunition gave serious problems with belts sticking and poor cartridge sizing, conditions which could not be fixed in flight
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
На S.7 патроны снаряжались в матерчатую ленту, которая наматывалась на барабан. Питание пулеметов "Виккерс" на S.13 сделано по "британской" схеме - с металлической составной патронной лентой. Патронная коробка с этими лентами находится между пулеметами. (Front view of the Vickers machine guns on SPAD 13 with engine cowling removed. Vibrations from recoil, coupled with other shocks from poorly operating engines created fuel and oil pipe leaks in nearly every flight. Constant checking and fine-tuning of the Hispano-Suiza engines, and replacement of pipeage, oil and fuel tanks was required)
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
J.Davilla - Italian Aviation in the First World War. Vol.3: Aircraft M-W /Centennial Perspective/ (75)
Rampante! Th is painting by noted artist Russell Smith shows leading Italian ace Major Francesco Baracca flying his Spad 13. The rampant stallion was Baracca's personal insignia and was borrowed with Baracca's mother's permission by Enzo Ferrari for his racing cars after the war.
J.Davilla - Italian Aviation in the First World War. Vol.1: Operations /Centennial Perspective/ (73)
Rampante! by Russell Smith shows leading Italian ace Francesco Baracca scoring his 34th and final victory while flying his Spad 13 three days before his death. After the war Baracca’s prancing horse insignia was adopted by Enzo Ferrari for his race cars.
В.Кондратьев - Самолеты первой мировой войны
Разновидности французского пятицветного камуфляжа на истребителях "Спад" S-13 различных фирм-производителей.
Сайт - Pilots-and-planes /WWW/
W.Green, G.Swanborough - The Complete Book of Fighters
The S.XIII
В.Кондратьев - Самолеты первой мировой войны
SPAD S XIII
J.Davilla - Italian Aviation in the First World War. Vol.3: Aircraft M-W /Centennial Perspective/ (75)
Spad 13 Early
J.Davilla - Italian Aviation in the First World War. Vol.3: Aircraft M-W /Centennial Perspective/ (75)
Spad 13 Early
J.Davilla - Italian Aviation in the First World War. Vol.3: Aircraft M-W /Centennial Perspective/ (75)
Spad 13 Early