А.Шепс Самолеты Первой мировой войны. Страны Антанты

Появление летающей лодкиистребителя M.5 было вызвано появлением у австрийцев истребителя "Ганза-Браденбург CC", который успешно действовал над Адриатическим морем.
   Потери итальянской морской авиации были значительными, и нужна была машина, способная противостоять австрийцам. Воспользовавшись опытом создания лодок M.3 и M.4, инженеры Буци и Кальвазаро построили новый самолет к началу 1918 года. Это был одностоечный полутораплан цельнодеревянной конструкции. Лодка с вогнутым реданом изготавливалась из ясеневого бруса и обшивалась листовой фанерой с тщательной отделкой швов. Два 6,5-мм пулемета "ФиатРивелли" устанавливались в верхней части лодки перед кабиной пилота, иногда устанавливался один 7,69-мм пулемет "Льюис". Крыло также имело деревянную конструкцию и обтягивалось полотном. В основном оно было аналогично по конструкции крылу истребителя "Ньюпор17", но значительно большего размаха. Стойки крыла были деревянными, пустотелыми, с металлическими бандажами. Подкосы и стойки двигателя изготавливались из металлических профилированных труб. Из труб же были и подкосы оперения, изготовленного из дерева и полотна.
   На самолете устанавливался 4-цилиндровый, жидкостного охлаждения, рядный двигатель "Изотта-Фраскини" V-4B мощностью 170 л. с. с лобовым сотовым радиатором. Новая машина имела скоростные характеристики, близкие к сухопутным машинам.
   Использовался он, в основном, для прикрытия баз военно-морского флота от атак австро-венгерских бомбардировщиков и истребителей. Новые машины стояли на вооружении 260-, 286- и 287-й эскадрилий "Делла Марина". Однако в боях с новыми австро-венгерскими истребителями "Фоккер DI" самолетам M.5 не хватало скорости, и на последние машины устанавливались двигатели "Изотта-Фраскини" V-6B (250 л. с.). Всего было построено 240 машин M.5, причем самолеты, оборудованные двигателем V-6B, эксплуатировались и после войны.


Показатель Макки М.5 1917г. Макки М.5 1918г.
Размеры, м:
   длина 8,06 8,06
   размах крыльев 11,90/8,95 11,90/8,95
   высота 2,85 2,85
Площадь крыла, м2 26,00 26,00
Вес, кг:
   максимальный взлетный 970 1085
   пустого 755 755
Двигатель: "Изота-Фраскини" V-4B "Изота-Фраскини" V-6B
   мощность, л. с. 140 250
Скорость, км/ч 190 205
Дальность полета, км 570 600
Потолок практический, м 4600 5990
Экипаж, чел. 1 1
Вооружение 2 пулемета 2-3 пулемета

G.Swanborough, P.Bowers United States Navy Aircraft Since 1911 (Putnam)

MACCHI M.5

During its operations from the Italian base of Porto Corsini from July 1918 until the Armistice, the US Navy operated at least eight single-seat Italian Macchi M.5 fighter flying-boats. These were used to escort bombers and with the French Hanriots were the only seaplane fighters flown in combat by American pilots in either of the World Wars. One M.5 had been sent to the US for evaluation in 1917. Power plant, 160 hp Isotta-Fraschini V-4B. Span, 39ft; length, 26ft 2in; gross weight, 2,266 lb; max speed, 118 mph.

Jane's All The World Aircraft 1919

MACCHI "5"
Type of machine Single-seater Waterplane.
Name or type No. of machine M5.
Purpose for which Intended Hunter.
Span 11.90m.
Gap 1.90 m.
Overall length 8 m.
Maximum height 2.85 m.
Chord Upper plane, 1.60 m.;
   Lower plane, 1.10 m.
Total surface of wings 29 sq. m.
Span of tail 2.87 m.
Total area of tail 3.95 sq. m.
Elevator, maximum 2.87 x 0.55 m.
Rudder, maximum 1.20 x 0.55 m.
Fin, maximum 2.50 x 0.65 m.
Ailerons, total area 3.75 sq. m.
Fuselage dimensions 1.00 x 0.85 sq. m.
Engine type and h.p. Isotta Fraschini V4b., 160 h.p.
Airscrew, diam.,pitch and revs. 2.55 m., 15.00.
Weight of machine empty 700 kilos.
Load per sq. m. 35,5 kilos.
Weight per h.p. 6.45 kilos.
Tank capacity In hours 3.15 hours.
Performance.
   Speed low down 189 k.p.h.
   Climb.
   To 4.000 metres in minutes 20 mins.
   Total useful load 270_kgs.
   Total weight of machine fully loaded
   970 kgs.

W.Green, G.Swanborough The Complete Book of Fighters

MACCHI M.5 (TIPO M) Italy

   The Societa Anonima Nieuport-Macchi (predecessor of Aeronautica Macchi) gained experience in flying boat design by producing improved copies of the Austro-Hungarian Lohner 'boat. Early in 1917, engineers Buzio and Calzavara developed a single-seat fighter for the Regia Marina based on the L.3 (M.3) two-seat bomber-reconnaissance flying boat. Initially known as the Tipo (Type) M, the fighter was of wooden construction with fabric and plywood skinning, and was powered by a six-cylinder Isotta-Fraschini V.4B engine strut-mounted above the hull and driving a pusher propeller, maximum output being 187 bhp. The pilot sat beneath the radiator and was provided with a single 7,7-mm Vickers machine gun. Intended for use in the Adriatic, the Tipo M was fully aerobatic, further prototypes being produced as Tipo Ma and, with control refinements, as Tipo M bis and Ma bis, the last-mentioned entering production and the designation M.5 subsequently being adopted. The M.5 entered service with the Regia Marina in November 1917, frequently escorting bombers attacking Austro-Hungarian naval bases in the Adriatic and proving faster than opposing Phonix land-based fighters. The single Vickers gun was replaced by a twin-gun arrangement in some aircraft, and a total of 244 was built (44 of these by the Societa Aeronautica Italiana) of which 68 were completed in 1917, and production giving place to the M.5 mod during 1918.

Max speed, 117 mph (189 km/h).
Time to 3,280 ft (1 000 m), 3.5 min.
Endurance, 3.66 hrs.
Empty weight, 1,587 lb (720 kg).
Loaded weight, 2,183 lb (990 kg).
Span, 39 ft 0 1/2 in (11,90 m).
Length, 26 ft 6 1/8 in (8,08 m).
Height, 9 ft 4 1/4 in (2,85 m).
Wing area, 301.4 sqft (28,00 m2).


MACCHI M.5 MOD Italy

   Early in 1918, Nieuport-Macchi developed a more powerful version of the M.5 single-seat fighter flying boat as an interim measure pending availability of the higher-performance M.7. The latter was being developed to the designs of Alessandro Tonini to counter the increased efficacy of Austro-Hungarian fighters being encountered over the Adriatic. Designated M.5 mod, the interim fighter achieved enhanced performance by using a 247 bhp Isotta-Fraschini V.6 engine, its installation being accompanied by a 7-ft 2 5/8-in (2,20-m) reduction in the span of the upper wing. A twin 7,7-mm Vickers gun armament was standardised. One hundred M.5 mod fighters were built, these progressively replacing the M.5s in Regia Marina service, and 66 of them were still on strength when the Regia Aeronautica was formed in 1923. These subsequently gave place to the M.7ter in the mid-’twenties.

Max speed, 127 mph (205 km/h).
Time to 3,280 ft (1000 m), 3.5 min.
Endurance, 3.66 hrs.
Empty weight, 1,664 lb (755 kg).
Loaded weight, 2,381 lb (1080 kg).
Span, 31ft 9 7/8 in (9,70 m).
Length, 26 ft 6 7/8 in (8,10 m).
Height, 9 ft 4 1/4 in (2,85 m).
Wing area, 279.87 sqft (26,00 m2).


MACCHI M.6 Italy

   Completed in 1917 for comparison with the M.5, the M.6 single-seat fighter differed essentially in having a modified wing cellule. The Vee-type interplane bracing struts and sloping auxiliary Vee struts supporting the overhanging portion of the upper wing gave place to parallel struts positioned farther outboard, additional parallel steel tube struts being introduced farther inboard. The M.6 was similarly powered to the M.5 (Isotta-Fraschini V.4B) and carried a single 7,7-mm Vickers gun. Comparative trials revealed no advantages over the standard M.5 and further development of the M.6 was discontinued.

Max speed, 117 mph (189 km/h).
Time to 13,125 ft (4 000 m), 20 min.
Endurance, 3.0 hrs.
Empty weight, 1,675 lb (760 kg).
Loaded weight, 2,271 lb (1030 kg).
Wing area, 312.16 sqft (29,00 m2).

E.Hauke, W.Schroeder, B.Totschinger Die Flugzeuge der k.u.k. Luftfahrtruppe und Seeflieger 1914-1918

Beuteflugzeuge bei den k.u.k. Seefliegern
Macchi M.5 Nr. 7068 (italienisch) 5.Sqd IF 160
Macchi M.5 (italienisch) IF 160

Журнал Flight

Flight, January 24, 1918.

FROM OTHER LANDS.
THE ITALIAN "MACCHI" FIGHTING FLYING BOAT.

   THE Macchi single-seater fighting aeroplane is one of the most efficient flying boats ever built. Owing to the fineness of its construction, its light weight, and high-powered motor, it is able to ascend to an altitude of 13,000 ft. in only 18 minutes. In a single-seater fighting machine quick climb is, of course, one of the most important essentials of performance, although this adaptability to climbing rapidly is not generally associated with machines of the flying boat class.
   Head resistance has been reduced to a minimum, especially in regard to interplane bracing. The struts and interplane bracing is similar in principle to that employed in the French Nieuport scout - the single pair of V-struts, the narrow lower plane, and the outline of the planes themselves bear a resemblance to the Nieuport. The Macchi is provided with steel tube overhung braces, because of the area extending beyond the interplane struts.
   The overall dimensions of the machine are: Span 39 ft. 4 7/16 ins.; overall length, 27 ft. 3 ins.; overall height 9 ft. 10 1/16 ins. There is a lifting surface of 301 square ft and the loading per square ft. is 6.85 lbs. When empty the machine weighs 1,510 lbs. When fully loaded to its gross weight of 2,060 lbs., the military weight is distributed as follows: Petrol and lubricating oil, 265 lbs.; pilot, 175 lbs; two Fiat machine guns, both firing forward, 110 lbs. Total weight of useful load carried, 550 lbs. Near the surface of the water the machine can travel at a rate of 112 m.p.h. In the first four minutes it can climb to 3,250 ft.; eight minutes, 6,500 ft. twelve and one half minutes, 10,000 ft. Sufficient petrol and oil is carried for an air endurance of three hours.
   The Isotta-Fraschini engine, with which the Macchi boat is equipped, is known as the V4B. This is a six-cylinder vertical type with nominal h.p. of 150 and a bench-test normal h.p. of 190 at 1,400 r.p.m. Bore, 5.2 ins; stroke, 7.1 ins. Overall dimensions of the V4B - length, 5 ft 5/16 ins.; height 3 ft. 3 1/8 ins.; width, 2 ft. 3 15/16 ins. Carburettors, Zenith; magnetos, Marelli. The weight of the engine complete, dry, is 573 lbs. Its weight per b.h.p. is 3.01 lbs.
   Petrol is consumed at the rate of 8.82 oz per hour; oil consumption per b.h.p., 7 oz.