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Страна: Россия

Год: 1915

М.Маслов Русские самолеты Первой Мировой (Эксмо)

«Илья Муромец» тип В (серия В)

   В конце 1914 г. на РБВЗ строили аппараты «ИМ» серии В, которые отличались уменьшенными размерами и меньшим полетным весом (на 600-700 кг) и, соответственно, более высокими полетными данными. С двигателями «Санбим» и «Аргус» скорость достигала 120 км/ч, «Сальмсоны», в сочетании с радиаторами охлаждения, обладали столь большим воздушным сопротивлением, что даже их значительная мощность не позволяла разгоняться в воздухе более 100 км/ч. Из 14 построенных экземпляров тип В два аппарата оснастили двигателями «Сальмсон» (2x200 л.с), три - «Аргус» (4x150 л.с.), шесть - «Санбим» (4x150 л.с.), два - «Санбим» (2x255 л.с.) и один «ИМ», серийный №167, имел четыре двигателя РБВЗ-6. Визуально эти аппараты также отличались: часть из них имела остекление пилотской кабины с плоским лобовым участком по типу Б, другая часть, называемая «остроносыми», имела клинообразную форму передней части фюзеляжа.
   Первый боевой вылет совершил «ИМ» №150 14 февраля 1915 г. В марте в строй вошел «ИМ» №151 - таким образом, до наступления лета 1915 г. в интересах Северо-Западного фронта использовалось два таких воздушных корабля. В начале июля количество боеспособных «Муромцев» увеличилось до пяти единиц. В этот период Эскадра воздушных кораблей перебазировалась в район города Лида, затем в район Пскова. В октябре 1915 г. из состава эскадры выделили боевой отряд в количестве 5-6 машин, которые до конца года базировались под Ригой (станция Зегевольд) и действовали в интересах Северного фронта. Две машины отправили на Юго-Западный фронт с базированием в Колодзиевке.
   «ИМ» тип В достаточно активно использовались в 1915 г., одна машина была потеряна в аварии в феврале 1915 г., две другие совершили аварийные посадки после встречи с немецкими истребителями. На начало 1916 г. в составе эскадры числилось 10 экземпляров, которые в течение ближайших месяцев в основном вышли из строя по причине изношенности. Один экземпляр - серийный N“169 - окончательно списали лишь в начале 1917 г. За 1915 г. воздушные корабли эскадры выполнили около 100 боевых полетов, сбросив при этом 1220 пудов бомб.

Летные и технические характеристики «ИМ» тип В
   заводской № 150 167
   Размах верхнего крыла (м) 28,0 29,8
   Размах нижнего крыла (м) 19,2 21,0
   Длина (м) 17,1 17,5
   Площадь крыльев (м2) 120 125
   Вес пустого (кг) 2700 3500
   Полетный вес (кг) 3500 5000
   Полетная скорость (км/ч ) 100 120
   Потолок (м) - 3500
   Продолжительность полета (час) - 4,5
   Суммарная мощность двигателей: 560 л.с. 600 л.с.
   «Аргус» 140 л.с. 4 -
   РБВЗ-6 150 л.с. - 4

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Описание:

  • М.Маслов Русские самолеты Первой Мировой (Эксмо)
  • В.Шавров История конструкций самолетов в СССР до 1938 г.
  • В.Кондратьев Самолеты первой мировой войны
  • А.Шепс Самолеты Первой мировой войны. Страны Антанты
  • H.Nowarra, G.Duval Russian Civil and Military Aircraft 1884-1969
  • A.Durkota, T.Darcey, V.Kulikov The Imperial Russian Air Service (Flying Machines)
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    A.Durkota, T.Darcey, V.Kulikov - The Imperial Russian Air Service /Flying Machines/

    Based on the "V" type Il'ya Muromets, the cabin was divided into the pilot's cabin and the observer-artillery cabin. The pilot's cabin contained the pilot's seat, the copilot's seat, and all the instruments required. The observer-artillery cabin was located just behind the pilot's cabin and was separated from it only by guy wires and supports. The general plan of the two cabins was as shown in the upper sketch.
    The pilot's cabin was arranged as follows: A=Pilot's seat; B=Assistant pilot's seat; C=Small vertical latter to roof and gun position; D = Two compressed air tanks. They were charged by wind-driven generators while in flight and were used to restart a motor while flying if necessary. E=Small compass, mounted on the floor. F=Two ratchet controls for feet, which controlled the rudders. G=A large steel arch, hinged at its two ends, which controlled the stabilizer. H=Four revolution indicators, one for each of the engines. K=Control wheel, set on the arch G, which controlled the warping of the wings. M=Barometer and watch, set on springs and hung from the wall of the cabin. N=Speed indicator, which looked like a thermometer. Filled with liquid, the level would change with changes in speed. R=Direction indicator - a simple needle which moved over an arc showing degrees to right and left. S=Lateral stability indicator - a ball in a glass tube. T=Switch board indicator, connecting with the artillery officer. It was a simple signal board, arranged with buttons and small lights (18 total), each button and light indicated a prearranged signal, such as "bomb dropped." V=Small red light, indicating that a bomb had been dropped.

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    A.Durkota, T.Darcey, V.Kulikov - The Imperial Russian Air Service /Flying Machines/

    Sikorsky Il'ya Muromets Type V (S.23 series, ship #2).

  • plane photo
    В.Кондратьев - Самолеты первой мировой войны

    "Илья Муромец" В

  • plane photo
    В.Шавров - История конструкций самолетов в СССР до 1938 г.

    Схема самолета "Илья Муромец" , тип В, 1915 г.

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    М.Маслов - Русские самолеты 1914-1917

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    М.Маслов - Русские самолеты Первой Мировой /Эксмо/

    «Илья Муромец» серии В и истребитель С-16

  • plane photo
    М.Маслов - Русские самолеты Первой Мировой /Эксмо/

  • plane photo
    A.Durkota, T.Darcey, V.Kulikov - The Imperial Russian Air Service /Flying Machines/

  • plane photo
    A.Durkota, T.Darcey, V.Kulikov - The Imperial Russian Air Service /Flying Machines/

    1. Plywood foot panels. 2. Aluminum sheet. 3. Altimeter (barometric type). 4. Bank indicator (ball in glass tube). 5. Fuel indicator gauge (one each side). 6. Front windscreen (which pivoted on centerline). 7. Tachometer (rev. counter), two each side. 8. Rudder pedal frame. 9. Point at which elevator cables enter semi-circular structure. Full details of subsequent run of cables to 'Deperdussin' type frame not yet ascertained, so this detail is omitted. 10. Engine switches, four mounted on plate, starboard side, position varied. 11. Run of elevator cables from tail through channel pieces. 12. Wooden pilot's seat, wire braced and fixed to floor. No seat belt seen on any photograph. 13. Starboard access panel to wing walks to enable crew member (usually mechanic if carried) to leave fuselage and climb out on to wings to repair or service engines or subdue fires. There was a similar panel on the port side. 14. Fire extinguisher at usual position on starboard side. 15. Upper bomb rack rail (wooden) along starboard side. Second rail below. 16. Rack for Madsen machine gun or rifle. Position varied, it was sometimes situated further aft, on port side. 16A. Compressed air cylinder used for starting Sunbeam engines after forced landing. Enough air carried to start one or possibly two motors only. The position of this cylinder varied, on one machine it was clamped to rear of pilot's seat. It is seen here on port side. 17. Rack, or 'cassette,' carrying 5x2 pud (70lb. or 32 kg.) HE bombs of Granovsky pattern. The rack could be fitted with a support of tubular steel enabling them to be carried free-standing as on port side (see 25). 18. Wheel for aileron control. 19. 'Deperdussin'-type frame for aileron and elevator control. 20. Metal ladder to upper observation position and gun post. 21. Bomb sight (Sikorsky pattern). 22. Stand for machine gun or rifle (port). 23. Hatch cover or bomb bay, also used to take vertical photographs. Hatch cover was presumably lifted out but may have been hinged on one side. 24. Sliding door on port side only on this model. Door was a slim wooden framework covered in plywood and slid between split vertical members and double bracing wires. Handles were fitted on both sides. 25. Bomb rack with support frame to allow free-standing storage. When carrier on side rails was empty it was lifted off and a full rack hooked on to rails. (See side view at CC.) 26. The upper surface here was covered with plywood under fabric to provide support for men adjusting tail bracing or while assembling tailplane. 27. Dotted line shows true shape of aileron tip without wash-out. 28. Plan and side view of cabin area of fuselage. Note upper hatch with wooden plank firestep and position of fuel tanks. Actual position of fuel pipes from tanks into fuselage not known but photographs suggest that they connect with a pump fitted to top cross bracing member, then to engines along the horizontal struts between inner interplane struts. Upper shape of cabin was formed by fabric over light stringers. The lower drawing shows the basic wooden structure of cabin area. Behind the metal framed, aluminum and reinforced glass of the nose area, the cabin was lined with 3mm plywood with a fabric outer skin. The floor was of 10mm plywood and extended only as far as the fuselage former behind the door.

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    A.Durkota, T.Darcey, V.Kulikov - The Imperial Russian Air Service /Flying Machines/

    29. View of starboard lower wing inner section (shown in vertical projection). The left engine is an R-BVZ-6 engine as fitted to Ship II later in its career, with Hazet radiators (note angle). The right engine shows appearance of original 150hp Sunbeam as fitted when Ship II was built. The run of the tachometer cables (actually, Bowden type) is shown over the rear spar. The line near leading edge shows position of compressed air tubes to Sunbeam engines when fitted. 30. Side view of inner R-BVZ-6 engine showing position of oil tank and its supports. Note anti-vibration cables from tanks to interplane struts. Similar cables were fitted to the water expansion tanks over engines. 31. Appearance of Sunbeam motor (outboard) when fitted. The engine mounts were wooden framed and plywood covered. Metal facings were attached under engine bedding lugs. 32. Sketch of cabin showing crew positions in flight. The normal crew for the IM type B (Veh) was four but could vary according to mission. A mechanic could be included as well as a photographer and special observers on occasions. The sketch depicts Ship II while assigned to the 1st Otryad (First Muromets Combat Detachment) based at Kolodziyevka (near Tarnopol) in Galicia, Spring 1916. In May of 1916, the crew were as shown, pilot and Commander, Stabs-Kapitan A. V. Pankrat'yev; at the upper gun position is Podporuchik G. V. Pavlov, who was an assistant pilot; at the bomb sight on the floor is the Deputy Commander, Stabs-Kapitan S. N. Nikolsky acting as artillery officer; operating the bomb carrier is Poruchik K. Smirnov, assistant artillery officer. 33. 25 pud (410kg - 904lb.) HE bomb, one of several developed by a team under Professor N. Ye. Zukhovsky at the Moscow Technical High School in 1915. It was suspended under the center of gravity of the Il'ya Muromets by a strap and cable release inside fuselage. 34. Scrap view of intermeshing strapping of ribs to strengthen structure. A common form of support during early years of airplane construction. 35. Scrap view of undercarriage member reconstructed from a technical description and a study of photographs. The inverted 'V' was a metal tube supported by cables which prevented the skid from bowing upwards during landing pressures. 36. Structure of double wheel. There were two separate rims joined by a circular flange. The outer cover was of leather stitched like a football (soccer ball) case. It is presumed that the wheels with deflated tires then inflated through rim valves and valve flaps. The case was closed with substantial lacing as shown. 37. Roundel and fuselage pennant. 38. Scrap view of standardized metal fitting for fuselage assembly. Note that the side, top and bottom wires were all doubled while the interior transverse wires were single. 39. Scrap view of diagonal fitting with pulleys through which elevator cables passed. 40. Rear view showing position of the two drag wires on both sides. 41. Scrap view of 'Deperdussin'-type frame with wheel control for ailerons. The frame moved fore and aft for elevator control, however, exact method of transmission is not yet known. The strip on the right arm of the frame held finger-push switches to enable the commander to make light signals to his crew. The rudder pedal frame is also shown but the exact run of the cables from the pedal bottoms to the rear is not yet known. 42. Diagrammatic view of bracing wires attached to leading spars. 43. Ditto for rear spars. 44. Key to wiring diagrams: The thin line indicates single wires, the middle dotted line double wires, while the thick line represents triple wiring for load-bearing areas. 45. Scrap view illustrating how multiple wires were assembled, (3-3.5mm piano wire was used). The sketch shows a triple wire example with strips of wood 20mm wide inserted between the wires and the whole bound with tape. This created a streamlined effect as well as ensuring some support if one or even two of the wires were severed. The double wires were of course made the same way. 46. Schematic view of Hazet-type radiators used with R-BVZ engines and occasionally with others. At least one Sunbeam-powered IM had Hazet radiators preferred by the Russians because they offered less head resistance despite their weight and vulnerability to damage from gunfire. The radiators were copied from an early German design which the originators were replacing by mid-1916. Hot water from the engine rose up into the overhead expansion tank, it then drained down into the twin radiators and was drawn off at the bottom rear into pipes which led into the water pump on the engine. The radiators are shown here as parallel but in fact they were always fitted at an angle to the center-line to allow an unimpaired flow of air through the cells. In plan view the radiators were arranged in a shallow arrow form (see 29).
      Additional notes:
    It should be noted that the IM was supplied with several instruments and items on which information is, at present lacking. In consequence, rather than fictionalize them they have been omitted from the drawings. There was a compass (possibly two) fitted within the pilot's sight and probably on the floor as the compass was also needed by the artillery officer while using the bomb sight. The actual position is not known, neither is the position of the throttles. A throttle for each engine was provided as well as a multiple control (Avtolog) to throttle down all engines simultaneously. The throttles were not operated by the pilot but by the mechanic or the deputy commander on instructions from the pilot.
    Other items known to be fitted to Ship II were an arrow indicator operated by the artillery officer which resembled a ship's engine room telegraph in a way, he turned it and the action was repeated on a similar arrow in the pilot's sight. A stand was also provided for the camera. Extra bombs of smaller caliber could be carried in and held with leather straps until required for use. These smaller bombs and missiles could be hand dropped through the bomb hatch or thrown out of the open door. The angular frame fitted on the nose (centrally in the case of Ship II but offset to port on other machines) was a simple artificial horizon devised by Igor Sikorsky. It had small horizontal strips fitted which helped the pilot to judge approach angles while landing, a critical period as far as handling the IM was concerned.