Philippon

   One of the more audacious designs of 1913, this tandem monoplane was designed "to be flown like a bird." There was no tail nor rudder of any kind; 3 steering wheels allowed the daring aeronaut to vary the incidence of the ailerons (small surfaces set between the pairs of monoplane wings) together, to control pitch; or separately, to control yaw; to increase the wings' angles of attack to slow down and nose up on landing, like a bird; to move the wings bodily fore and aft to control pitch. The wonder was it took only 3 control wheels. A long open box sat on 3 wheels, the pilot ahead of the motor, which drove a pusher propeller aft of the rearmost wings through a diagonal shaft and Cardan joints.

   (Span: 5.44 m; length: c 8 m; wing area: 16.2 sqm; 100 hp ENV V8)