В.Кондратьев Самолеты первой мировой войны

ГАНЗА-БРАНДЕНБУРГ B-I/C-I / HANSA-BRANDENBURG B-I/C-I

   Цельнодеревянный двухстоечный биплан со смешанной обшивкой. Фюзеляж покрыт фанерой, крылья и оперение - полотном. Капоты алюминиевые. Характерной внешней особенностью аппарата были "заваленные" вовнутрь стойки бипланной коробки.
   Самолет разработан Эрнстом Хейнкелем в конце 1915 года, вскоре после перехода с фирмы Альбатрос Флюгцойгверк на фирму Ганза-Бранденбург.
   Аэроплан получился вполне удачным, однако Ганза-Бранденбург, специализировавшаяся на гидропланах, не приняла новинку, предпочтя продать лицензию на выпуск машины австрийцам.
   Уже в начале 1916-го серийное производство "Бранденбурга" (для краткости первую часть названия обычно отбрасывали) развернулось на венской фирме Феникс и будапештской UFAG.
   Выпускались две модификации: C-I - основная и B-I - уменьшенных размеров без вооружения. Как правило их называли просто "большой Бранденбург" и "маленький Бранденбург", причем "маленькие Бранденбурги" применялись главным образом в летных школах.
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O.Thetford, P.Gray German Aircraft of the First World War (Putnam)

Brandenburg FD (BI)
   A development of the type D, this aircraft featured the inward-sloping interplane struts to be seen for so long afterwards in the Austro-Hungarian Brandenburg two-seater C types. The tail surfaces were also considerably revised. Aircraft of this type were operated by the flying school of Hanseatische Flugzeug-Werke, Caspar Hamburg-Fuhlsbuttel, and three aircraft went to Austria. Engine, 110 h.p. Benz III. Span, 13.128 m. (43 ft. 0 7/8 in.). Length, 8.45 m. (27 ft. 8 7/8 in.). Height, 2.96 m. (9 ft. 8 1/2 in.). Area, 43.45 sq.m. (469 sq.ft.).

C.Owers Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft of WWI Vol.1: Landplanes (A Centennial Perspective on Great War Airplanes 17)

Brandenburg Type FD (German B.I)

   The Type FD was a development of the D with revised tail surfaces. This two-seat reconnaissance aircraft had inward-sloping interplane struts that were to be a feature of future Brandenburg aircraft. The Type FD could have two- or three-bay wings. The FD had a divided tailplane, Albatros fashion, with the fuselage separating the two sections of the tailplane. Brandenburg adopted a horizontal tailplane that was in one piece and rested on top of the fuselage. The Type LDD was the machine given the Austro-Hungarian B.I designation and the existence of two different B.I biplanes has caused confusion in many publications. Gray & Thetford give the designation B.I to the Type FD as does the Typenschau under the entry for the Phonix B.I.
   The number of Type FD biplanes purchased by the German Army in 1914 is given as nine, although some sources state only eight. Apparently some of these machines had no military numbers and were probably the property of Brandenburg and were used at the Caspar Flying School at Fuhlsbuttel. (8) However this may be a confusion of the LDD (B.I) biplanes supplied to that school.
   Four ex-German Army FD machines were supplied to Austria-Hungary and were given the serials 05.01 to 05.04. The Austro-Hungarian LFT complained that the 05.04 was shoddily built, and this confirms the German Army's experience with Brandenburg products, that service refusing to purchase any more of the company's aircraft. The LFT quartet were refurbished and ended their days as trainers.

(8) These Militar Fliegerschulen were conducted by private firms working under an official Idflieg program. The school was in charge of an officer who made sure that the curriculum was strictly adhered to.The school had to provide board and lodging to the pupils and the course lasted from four to six weeks, although it often took longer due to weather, lack of aircraft, and other factors. For each successful pupil the school received 8,000 marks. Handbook of German Military and Naval Aviation (War) 1914-1918, Originally issued by British Air Ministry, reprint by IWM & Battery Press, 1995.

Brandenburg FD Specifications
Source Typenschau Gray & Thetford Grosz Data 05.01
Span, m 13.12/12.32 13.128 14.50
Length, m 8.20 8.45 9.40
Height, m - 2.96 3.00
Wing Area 43.46 m2 43.45 m2 46 m2
Weight (empty) - - 790 kg
Max Speed - - 90 km/hr
Motor 100-hp Argus 110-hp Benz III 100-hp Mercedes
Note: With the exception of the motor, the Typenschau gives exactly the same dimensions for the Phonix B.I that it states was the FD built under license. The motor is quoted as a 100-hp Austro Daimler. This volume gives the same specifications for the FD, LDD, and DD in the Brandenburg section indicating that these machines are confused in this publication even though it was produced by the Heinkel Company.
  
  
Brandenburg Type LDP (Austro-Hungarian B.I)

   The Type LDD tractor biplane was the last Brandenburg design of 1914 and placed the pilot in the front cockpit for the first time. The design was refined from the Type FD with wooden engine mounts replacing the steel mount of the FD and further design refinements to the aircraft's structure. The prototype was sent to Austro-Hungary for evaluation and as the performance proved satisfactory it was ordered in large numbers as the B.I (Series 05.1). In addition it was licence built at the Fliegerarsenal Flugzeugwerke at Fischamend (Series 76, 176 and 276). After service as an unarmed reconnaissance aircraft on the Russian and Italian Fronts the type was used as a trainer. Modified to dual control, it was continually refined and was to continue in production for the rest of the war. Post-war small numbers ended up in the air forces of Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland and Yugoslavia.
   Of the 102 constructed by Brandenburg, 16 were delivered to the Brandenburg flying School near Hamburg. Approximately 400 were constructed by the Austro-Hungarians till 1918.
   At least 22 B.I trainers were used by the Czechoslovakian air arm post war. B.I 176.95 was the only aircraft of No.4 Squadron at Plzen in November-December 1918.
   The Czechoslovakia firm of Vojenska tovarna na letadla (later Letov) produced a direct copy of the B.I (Fd) as the S.10. This company, originally created by the Ministry of Defence to repair the aircraft, obtained a license to produce the type after the end of the war. Aircraft 176.80 was the pattern aircraft for the series production of the S.10. A total of 51 of these biplanes were manufactured and delivered during 1922-23. The type was very successful and was more popular than its replacement, the S.18 that replaced the type from 1926. They continued in service until the early 1930s and then were sold to aero clubs. Some were still in service when the Germans occupied Czechoslovakia in March 1939.
   The Aero Company also produced the Brandenburg B.I and C.I. The B.I was constructed as the Aero A-1 from September 1919 with 35 examples powered by the 100-hp Mercedes motor being produced. The type could be fitted with a balanced or unbalanced rudder. The horizontal tailplane was redesigned to a half-elliptical shape. The military started to receive the first examples in February 1920 but progress was slow and the last was not delivered until February 1921. The A-1 was not as popular as the S.10 as it had poorer flight characteristics. It was little used in civil aviation due to its unpopularity and also as it was produced in smaller numbers than the S.10.
   Aero Ae-10.21 is preserved in the Czech Air Force Museum in Kbely, Prague.
   Poland had at least 15 Brandenburg B.I trainers in service. These were apparently built (rebuilt?) in 1921 by the Krakowskie Warsztaty Lotnicze for the Polish air arm.
   In Austria a few were built or modified at the Steyr Works as the Steyr School Biplane.
   The type was rebuilt in Hungary in 1927 by the Legugyi Hatosag as the Type BL.1 Kisbrandi. One survived until 1940 in Hungarian air force markings. B.I, civil registration H-MAHE, was in use until 1932 and is preserved in the Hungarian Transportation Museum in Budapest.
   Two civil B.I biplanes ended up in Norway. N-17 was ex-kuk 76.04. It was imported in October 1920 and crashed on 6 March 1921. The second, N-18, ex-kuk 76.05, and was registered to the same owner, M. Wettergren of Oslo. It went to Norsk Flyvebra A/S and survived until 1923, the registration being cancelled on 4 March 1924.

Brandenburg LDD Specifications
Source Typenschau Type LDD* Brandenburg 3-View Type LDD
Span, m 13.12/12.32 12.300/11.700
Length, m 8.20 8.350
Height, m - -
Wing Area 43.46 m2 34.95 m2
Motor 100-hp Mercedes 160-hp Mercedes
*The Typenschau gives the same specifications for the FD, LDD, and DD, indicating that these machines are confused in this volume.
Brandenburg B.I Specifications
Source PMG Data Series 05.1 PMG Data Series 05.1 PMG Data Series 05.1
Span, m 12.30/11.60 12.30/11.70 12.30/11.70
Length, m 8.40 8.40 8.40
Height, m 3.10 3.10 3.10
Wing Area 33 m2 36.7 m2 35 m2
Weight, Empty 618 kg 703 kg 712 kg
Weight, Loaded 975 kg 863 kg 872 kg
Speed 118 km/h 120 km/h 120 km/h
Time to 1,000 m 8 min. 7 min. 40 sec. 8 min. 5 sec.
Motor 100-hp Mercedes 100-hp Mercedes 100-hp Mercedes

B.I Manufactured by Brandenburg
Serial Notes
05.11 - 05.26 Pilot in rear cockpit.
05.27 - 05.78 Dual from 05.60
05.79 - 05.84 Trainers with rebuilt engines installed.
05.85 - 05.96
Note: A further 16 were assigned to the Brandenburg flying school at Fuhlsbuttel without any serial numbers being assigned.

B.I Manufactured by Flugzeugfabrik Fischamend
Serial Motor Notes
75.01 - 75.17 100-hp Mercedes
75.51 - 75.61 100-hp Mercedes
76.01 - 76.59 100-hp Mercedes
76.60 - 76.99 100-hp Mercedes Dual control.
176.01 - 176.99 100-hp Mercedes Ex-76.100 Series.
276.01 - 276.24 100-hp Mercedes
77.51 - 77.91 120-hp Daimler
78.01 - 78.51 120-hp Daimler Dual control.
178 - Serial not used.
278.01 - 278.03 Daimler
79.01 - 79.21 145-hp Hiero
179 Serial not used.
279.01 - 279.49 145-hp Hiero
06.51 - 06.99 - Conversions of 05.1 series to dual control trainers.
  
Brandenburg B.I in Czechoslovakian Air Arm Service
Serial Notes: Date First Recorded May Not Be Date of Acquisition
05.45 Pilots School Prague 28.08.19. W/off 18.08.25, Military Aviation Training Centre Cheb.
75.04 18.02.20, Prague Aviation Arsenal. W/off 15.12.25, Military Aviation Training Centre Prostejov.
75.59 02.09.19, Prague Aviation Arsenal. W/off 10.26, Military Aviation Training Centre Prostejov.
76.31 26.09.19, Prague Aviation Arsenal. W/off 26.11.25, Main Aviation Workshop Olomouc.
76.36 22.05.19, Prague flying field. W/off 11.27, Military Aviation Training Centre Prostejov.
76.51 10.11.18, Flek 16, Cheb. W/off 20.01.19, emergency landing field Repina.
76.70 24.07.19, test flight at Prague Aviation Arsenal. W/off 31.10.23, Military Aviation Training Centre Cheb.
76.71 10.11.18, Flek 16, Cheb. 1927 civil L-BIPA, later OK-IPA. W/off 12.03.31, Czechoslovakian Aero Club.
176.41 03.01.20, test flight at Prague. W/off 29.07.26, and sold Bata, a shoe company that operated some aircraft.
176.42 12.01.18, pilot's school Prague. 05.26 civil L-BIZB. W/off 12.03.31, West Bohemia Aero Club, Plzen.
176.80 18.02.18, Aviation Company Prague.(9) W/off 08.26, Main Aviation Workshop, Olomouc.
176.95 10.11.18, Flek 16, Cheb. W/off 08.12.18, Aviation Company Plzen, crash at Buci.
276.05 11.11.19, Landed at Zbecne. W/off 22.08.22, Military Aviation Training Centre Cheb.
276.08 25.11.19, Main Aviation Workshop, Prague. W/off 28.07.22, Military Aviation Training Centre Cheb, after fatal crash.
276.09 22.05.19, pilot's school Prague. 01.30 civil L-BIPC, later OK-IPC. W/off 18.11.35, Czechoslovakian Aero Club.
276.11 20.11.18, recorded with 1st Field Aviation Company. W/off 15.12.24, Military Aviation Training Centre Cheb, "rouler".
276.13 07.04.20, taken over at Fischamend. Civil L-BIZD. W/off 23.02.31, West Bohemia Aero Club. Plzen, due to age and condition.
276.19 02.11.18, Fischamend. W/off 31.03.24.
276.22 06.10.19. Test flight at Prague after renovation. W/off 11.25, Main Aviation Workshop Olomouc, "rouler".
17.71 12.03.20, Repaired at Aviation Workshop, Prague. W/off 21.10.24, Military Aviation Training Centre Cheb.
79.31 26.06.20, purchased from Falco. Civil L-BIMA. W/off 1926, Moravsky Aero Club.(10)
79.46 26.06.20, purchased from Falco. 26.10.27, civil L-BILC. W/off 13.01.31, Masaryk Aviation League.(11)
(9) The first aviation units were named after the place where they were located, numbers came later,
(10) The Golden Age website shows L-BIMA as a UFAG C.l.
(11) The Masaryka Aviation League (Masarykova letecka liga) was an organization that promoted aviation under the name of the then president of the Republic, T.G. Masaryk.

Czech-Built Aircraft Based on Brandenburg B.I
Pattern Aircraft Czech Type Motor Notes
B.I Fd Series 76 Aero A.1 100-hp Mercedes or Blesk Called "Aemes" - Aero with Mercedes engine. 35 constructed 1919-1920.
B.I Fd Series 176 Smolik S-10 100-hp Mercedes or Blesk Called "Sardinka." 51 constructed 1922-1923.

E.Hauke, W.Schroeder, B.Totschinger Die Flugzeuge der k.u.k. Luftfahrtruppe und Seeflieger 1914-1918

01. — 010. Flugzeuge ausländischer Produktion (Самолеты иностранного производства)
05.01 — 05.03 Brandenburg B.I (Type LDD) Merc 100
05.04 Brandenburg B.I (Type FD) Merc 100
05.11 — 05.19 Brandenburg B.I (Type FD) Merc 100
05.20 — 05.95 Brandenburg B.I Merc 100
06.51 — 06.99 Brandenburg B.I (Umbauten der Ba 05 mit Doppelsteuer als Schulmaschine) Merc 100

70. Flugzeuge der Flugzeugfabrik Fischamend, k.u.k. Fliegerarsenal
75.01 — 75.18 Brandenburg B.I (Fd) Neubau Ba 05 Merc 100
75.51 — 75.61 Brandenburg B.I (Br) Merc 100
76.01 — 76.99 Brandenburg B.I (Fd) Merc 100
176.01 — 176.99 Brandenburg B.I (Fd) Merc 100
276.01 — 276.24 Brandenburg B.I (Fd) Merc 100
77.01 — 77.91 Brandenburg B.I (Fd) Dm 120
78.01 — 78.51 Brandenburg B.I (Fd) Dm 120
178.01 Brandenburg B.I nur Projekt Dm 120
278.01 — 278.03 Brandenburg B.I Dm 120
79.01 — 79.13 Brandenburg B.I H 145
179.01 Brandenburg B.I nur Projekt H 145
279.01 Brandenburg B.I nur Projekt H 145