В.Кондратьев Самолеты первой мировой войны
ЛЁНЕР B-I/B-II/B-IV/B-VI/B-VII/C-I / LOHNER B-I/B-II/B-IV/B-VI/B-VII/C-I
В 1913 году на венской фирме Якоба Лёнера был разработан двухместный биплан "В" со 120-сильным мотором "Австро-Даймлер" и оригинальными стреловидными крыльями, повышавшими, по замыслу авторов, продольную и поперечную устойчивость машины.
На следующий год его приняли на вооружение австро-венгерской военной авиации, присвоив обозначение В-l. При этом вначале каждая построенная машина, подобно боевому кораблю, имела собственное имя, начинавшееся с буквы "Б" ("Бригант", "Барбара", "Будда", "Бригитта" и т.д.).
На раннем этапе Первой мировой войны характеристики B-I вполне удовлетворяли военных, и самолет с успехом применялся на сербско-австрийском и русско-австрийском фронтах. Аппараты данного типа, в частности, осуществляли связь с гарнизоном осажденной русскими войсками крепости Перемышль.
В 1915-1916 годах семейство "Лёнеров" пополнилось целым рядом дальнейших модификаций, также выпускавшихся серийно и состоявших на вооружении.
С начала 1916 года две последние и наиболее совершенные модификации "Лёнера" активно применялись на всех фронтах, где воевали австро-венгерские воздушные силы.
Помимо разведывательных полетов, на счету этих машин немало бомбардировок городов и военных объектов в Румынии, северной Италии и на юго-западной Украине.
МОДИФИКАЦИИ
B-II - двигатель "Геро", 85 л.с., руль поворота с роговой аэродинамической компенсацией. Самолет в основном использовался как учебный.
B-IV - двигатель "Мерседес", 100 л.с., шасси без противокапотажной лыжи, на некоторые экземпляры ставили подвижный пулемет в задней кабине. Энерговооруженность этой машины оказалась недостаточной для фронтового использования. Плохая скороподъемность и низкий потолок, не превышавший в жаркие дни 2000 метров, обусловили быстрый перевод B-IV в учебные подразделения.
B-VI - мотор "Рапп", 145 л.с.
B-VII - двигатель "Австро-Даймлер", 150 л.с.
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ВООРУЖЕНИЕ
Стрелковое: начиная с модификации B-VI на большинство самолетов ставили турельный пулемет "Шварцлозе".
Бомбовое: 80 кг.
Jane's All The World Aircraft 1913
LOHNER-DAIMLER. This firm is now amalgamated with Etrich.
1912-13.
1911. Lohner Daimler
Pfeilflieger.
Length......feet (m.) ... 32 (9.70)
Span........feet (m.) ... 44? (13.50)
Area...sq. feet (m?.) ... 450 (42)
Weight,
total...lbs.(kgs.) ... 926 (420)
useful ..lbs.(kgs.) ... ...
Motor............h.p. 60 Aust. 125 Aust.
Daimler Daimler
Speed....m.p.h. (km.) 50 (80) 62 (100)
Number built
during 1912 ... ? 4
Remarks.--Staggered and V shape. Late in 1911 one was purchased for the Austrian Army. In 1912 made a world's altitude. Passenger record, 4,530 metres (14,862 feet.)
E.Hauke, W.Schroeder, B.Totschinger Die Flugzeuge der k.u.k. Luftfahrtruppe und Seeflieger 1914-1918
10. Flugzeuge der Fabrik Jacob Löhner & Co. Wien, Floridsdorf
10.01 Löhner DD E-01 Dm 100
10.02 Löhner DD E-02 Bruchprobe Dm 100
10.03 Löhner DD E-03 Merc 100
10.04 Löhner DD D-25 (1914 Umbau mit Dm 250 V12) Dm 120
10.05 Löhner DD D-R Renntype Dm 120
10.06 Löhner DD Type Aspern Dm 120
10.12 Löhner DD Gebirgstype C-01, WNr. 353 H 85
10.13 Löhner DD Gebirgstype C-02, WNr. 406 H 85
10.14 M.L.G. Löhner DD Meetingnr. 26 Dm 120
10.16 M.L.G. Löhner DD Meetingnr. 25 Dm 150
10.17 Löhner DD J-01 Dm 160
10.18 Löhner DD Type JC Dm 160
10.23 Löhner DD Type AC Dm 360
10.24 Löhner DD Type AC Dm 360
10.28 Löhner DD Type JS Pr 150
11.01 — 11.32 Löhner B.I (Type B) Dm 90
12.01 — 12.40 Löhner B.II (Type C) H 85
12.41 — 12.58 Löhner B.II (U) H 85
13.01 — 13.06 Löhner B.III (Type D) Dm 120
14.01 — 14.16 Löhner B.III (Type E) Dm 100
14.51 — 14.58 Löhner B.III (U) Dm 100
15.01 Löhner B.IV (Umbau 10.03) Merc 100
15.51 — 15.58 Löhner B.IV (U) Merc 100
16.01 — 16.06 Löhner B.V (Type H) Rp 145
16.10 — 16.28 Löhner B.VI (Type JCR) Rp 145
17.01 — 17.25 Löhner B.VII (Type J) Dm 150
17.30 — 17.46 Löhner B.VII (Type J) Dm 160
17.51 — 17.76 Löhner B.VII (U) Dm 150
17.81 — 17.89 Löhner B.VII (Umbau Ba 17) Dm 160
70. Flugzeuge der Flugzeugfabrik Fischamend, k.u.k. Fliegerarsenal
73.01 — 73.25 Löhner B.I (Fd) Umbau 11.01 — 11.25 Dm 90
73.26 — 73.34 Löhner B.I (Fd) Neubau Dm 90
74.01 — 74.47 Löhner B.II (Fd) Umbau 12.01 — 12.47 H 85
74.48 — 74.53 Löhner B.II (Fd) Neubau H 85
Журнал Flight
Flight, July 13, 1912.
AIR EDDIES.
Messrs. Jacob Lohner and Co. is an Austrian firm with works at Vienna, where they produce Etrich monoplanes and machines of their own design. They are entering a tractor biplane, known over there as the Arrow-Plane Dreadnought, equipped with a 120-h.p. Austro-Daimler motor. It was on an identical machine that Lieut. Von Blaschke broke the world's altitude record with passengers at the Vienna flying meeting last month by taking two besides himself up to 3,500 metres, and by taking one single passenger to a height of 4,260 metres.
Lieut. Von Blaschke himself is probably going to fly the machine at the competitions at Salisbury.
Flight, July 20, 1912.
THE MILITARY COMPETITION - THE MACHINES.
THE LOHNER ARROWPLANE DREADNOUGHT (ARMY TYPE).
THIS interesting entrant from Germany is termed "Arrow-plane" from the fact that, when flying overhead, its silhouette resembles closely the form of an arrow. Its wings, set back Dunne fashion, might be the arrow's head, its fuselage the shaft.
Of the machine, two main types are made at the Vienna works of Messrs. Jacob Lohner and Co. - an "Army type " and a "Navy type." They may readily be distinguished from one another, in that the Army type has a direct coupled tractor; the tractor of the Navy type is centred some distance above the motor, and withal, geared down.
It is a biplane of the former type that will be flown in the Military Competition at Salisbury. To Lieut, von Blaschke will be entrusted the piloting. Besides the photographs we print, we have been able to glean from Mr. Cecil E. Kny, who represents the manufacturers here in England, a few details.
The upper plane spans nearly 53 ft., and by virtue of its shape is designed to give the machine an excellent modicum of stability - both in a lateral and longitudinal sense. Its large span, however, does not make it too unwieldly for military service, for the extensions of the top plane, each 10 ft. in length, may be folded down, allowing the biplane to be conveniently housed in a shed just over 33 ft. wide. An entirely covered-in streamline fuselage forms the backbone of the machine. In it are located the three that the machine is designed to carry - the mechanic directly behind the motor (a 120-h.p. Austro-Daimler), and the pilot and observer-passenger some distance behind the planes, where their view is clearest. The fuel tanks are arranged between. Terminating the fuselage is the tail, the shape and general arrangement of which can be gathered from our photographs. Like the greater part of German machines, it is provided with a land brake at the tail to decelerate it quickly on landing.
In addition to its abilities for climbing - the machine holds world's records in passenger altitude, as we recalled last week - it has a very excellent gliding angle. For a biplane its speed is unusually high. It is estimated to average 70 m.p.h.
Main characteristics:-
Motor 120-h.p. Austro-Daimler
Span 53 ft. nearly
Overall length 31 ft.
Weight, empty 1,540 lbs.
Useful load 600 lbs.
Speed 70 m.p.h.
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E.Hauke, W.Schroeder, B.Totschinger - Die Flugzeuge der k.u.k. Luftfahrtruppe und Seeflieger 1914-1918
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Löhner B II C 11 (12.11) Julius Arigi Flik 6 Igalo Sommer 1915
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E.Hauke, W.Schroeder, B.Totschinger - Die Flugzeuge der k.u.k. Luftfahrtruppe und Seeflieger 1914-1918
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Lohner B.II
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E.Hauke, W.Schroeder, B.Totschinger - Die Flugzeuge der k.u.k. Luftfahrtruppe und Seeflieger 1914-1918
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Löhner B II 12.47
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E.Hauke, W.Schroeder, B.Totschinger - Die Flugzeuge der k.u.k. Luftfahrtruppe und Seeflieger 1914-1918
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Lohner B.II-Umbau
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В.Кондратьев - Самолеты первой мировой войны
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"Лёнер" B-VII, 17 эскадрилья ВВС Австро-Венгрии, август 1915г.
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E.Hauke, W.Schroeder, B.Totschinger - Die Flugzeuge der k.u.k. Luftfahrtruppe und Seeflieger 1914-1918
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Löhner B VII 17. Eugen Steiner-Göltl Flik 17 Gardolo August 1915
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E.Hauke, W.Schroeder, B.Totschinger - Die Flugzeuge der k.u.k. Luftfahrtruppe und Seeflieger 1914-1918
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Lohner B.VII
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E.Hauke, W.Schroeder, B.Totschinger - Die Flugzeuge der k.u.k. Luftfahrtruppe und Seeflieger 1914-1918
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Löhner B VII 17.88
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E.Hauke, W.Schroeder, B.Totschinger - Die Flugzeuge der k.u.k. Luftfahrtruppe und Seeflieger 1914-1918
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Lohner B.VII
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В.Обухович, А.Никифоров - Самолеты Первой Мировой войны
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Лёнер С I
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Журнал - Flight за 1912 г.
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THE MILITARY COMPETITION MACHINES. - Three-quarter front view of the Arrow-plane Dreadnought, the biplane entered by Messrs. Jacob Lohner and Co., of Vienna. It is rumoured that great things may be expected of this machine.
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Журнал - Flight за 1912 г.
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THE MILITARY COMPETITION MACHINES. - Rear view of the Arrow-plane Dreadnought, the biplane entered by Messrs. Jacob Lohner and Co., of Vienna.
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E.Hauke, W.Schroeder, B.Totschinger - Die Flugzeuge der k.u.k. Luftfahrtruppe und Seeflieger 1914-1918
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Lohner B.I (Type B), Flugzeugnummer 11.02 ex "Bajadere"
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В.Кондратьев - Самолеты первой мировой войны
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"Лёнер" В-I, довоенный снимок
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В.Обухович, А.Никифоров - Самолеты Первой Мировой войны
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E.Hauke, W.Schroeder, B.Totschinger - Die Flugzeuge der k.u.k. Luftfahrtruppe und Seeflieger 1914-1918
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Lohner B.II (Type C), Flugzeugnummer 12.07
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E.Hauke, W.Schroeder, B.Totschinger - Die Flugzeuge der k.u.k. Luftfahrtruppe und Seeflieger 1914-1918
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Lohner B.II. Flugzeugnummer 74.11, Fischamend (vor Umbau 12.11)
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K.Delve - World War One in the Air /Crowood/
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The Austro-Hungarian units were a little better equipped but relied on German-supplied machines plus those that were licence-built in Austria. This Lohner B.II of Fliegerkompanie 6 is at Igalo in mid 1915.
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P.Jarrett - Pioneer Aircraft: Early Aviation Before 1914 /Putnam/
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In Austria, Lohner had become the army's sole supplier by 1913. This is a Lohner B.II/Type C of the period.
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E.Hauke, W.Schroeder, B.Totschinger - Die Flugzeuge der k.u.k. Luftfahrtruppe und Seeflieger 1914-1918
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Löhner B.III (Modell E), Flugzeugnummer 14.02
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E.Hauke, W.Schroeder, B.Totschinger - Die Flugzeuge der k.u.k. Luftfahrtruppe und Seeflieger 1914-1918
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Löhner B.VI (Type H), 16.22, Flugfeld Aspern
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H.Cowin - Aviation Pioneers /Osprey/
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Lohner of Austria, besides producing their admirable line of small, agile flying boats, also built a series of land-based, reconnaissance two-seaters for the Austro-Hungarian Air Service. In stark contrast to their flying boats, these B and C class designs, spanning the years 1913 to 1917, proved mediocre performers and, in consequence, each variant was only built in small numbers. The 1915 Lohner B.VII, 17.00, seen here, despite its 160hp Austro-Daimler, could only achieve a top level speed of 85 mph at sea level. As in this case, despite their B class designations, many two seaters were retrospectively fitted with a gun in the rear seat, thus converting them, effectively, into C types.
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E.Hauke, W.Schroeder, B.Totschinger - Die Flugzeuge der k.u.k. Luftfahrtruppe und Seeflieger 1914-1918
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Löhner B.VII, 17.11, Flugfeld Pergine
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K.Delve - World War One in the Air /Crowood/
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Lohner BVII of Fliegerkompanie 16 in autumn 1916: up to mid 1915 this had been an aircrew training unit but in May it moved to the Carinthian Front for operations, remaining operational as a general purpose' unit until the end of the war.
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E.Hauke, W.Schroeder, B.Totschinger - Die Flugzeuge der k.u.k. Luftfahrtruppe und Seeflieger 1914-1918
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Löhner B.VII, 17.33, Flik 16, Flugfeld Gardolo, März 1916, rechts Hptm R. Stojsavljevic Löhner B.VII, 17.33, Flik 16, аэродром Гардоло, март 1916 г., справа Hptm R. Stojsavljevic
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E.Hauke, W.Schroeder, B.Totschinger - Die Flugzeuge der k.u.k. Luftfahrtruppe und Seeflieger 1914-1918
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Löhner B.VII, 17.43 (Type J)
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E.Hauke, W.Schroeder, B.Totschinger - Die Flugzeuge der k.u.k. Luftfahrtruppe und Seeflieger 1914-1918
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Löhner DD, Flugzeugnummer 10.04, Kopfstand in Ujvidek, Flek 1, 1915. Löhner DD, номер 10.04, штаб-квартира в Уйвидеке, Flek 1, 1915 год.
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E.Hauke, W.Schroeder, B.Totschinger - Die Flugzeuge der k.u.k. Luftfahrtruppe und Seeflieger 1914-1918
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Löhner B.II. Flugzeugnummer 73.05. „Kraxe” (vor Umbau 11.05)
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E.Hauke, W.Schroeder, B.Totschinger - Die Flugzeuge der k.u.k. Luftfahrtruppe und Seeflieger 1914-1918
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Löhner B.III (Modell D), Flugzeugnummer 13.04, Lijvidek 1915, „Kraxe“ von Gfr Hans Greiner
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E.Hauke, W.Schroeder, B.Totschinger - Die Flugzeuge der k.u.k. Luftfahrtruppe und Seeflieger 1914-1918
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Löhner B.IV, Flugzeugnummer 15.57 (U), Havarie des Pilotenschüler Löhner B.IV, №15.57 (U), авария летчика-студента
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Журнал - Flight за 1912 г.
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