Kaufmann

   Son of a wealthy Paris banker, Paul Kaufmann built 4 monoplanes between 1909 and 1911.
  
   No 1: An odd tractor monoplane which appeared in 1910: the fuselage consisted of 2 thin parallel outriggers supporting a rectangular tailplane with 2 rectangular rudders below it. The pilot sat amidships between the booms and on top of the wing. Below him the axle was supported at the end of 2 parallel triangles. A single skid reached forward, and 2 others supported the tail. The wing was rectangular with a highly-arched airfoil. It did not fly.

   (Span: 6 m; length: 6 m; wing area: 12 sqm; gross weight: 200 kg; 24 hp 3-cylinder Anzani)
  
   No 2: It was finished early in 1911 and tested unsuccessfully at Issy. The pilot sat on the lower boom of the triangular fuselage frame behind the motor. The drooping wings were again deeply arched with thick leading edges; the panels were nearly square and set at a nearly 30° angle of attack. They were designed to warp, but only upward, to reduce lift but not increase drag at the same time. The tailplane and elevators were swallow-tailed in shape.