Описание
Страна: Германия
Год: 1914
Fighter
Варианты
- Morane-Saulnier - Type L / Моран-Парасоль - 1913 - Франция
- Pfalz - A.I/E.III - 1914 - Германия
- Morane-Saulnier - Type LA / P / Моран-4 / Морчет - 1915 - Франция
- Thulin - D - 1915 - Швеция
- Ольховский В.М. - Моран-парасоль - 1916 - Россия
- В.Кондратьев Самолеты первой мировой войны
- O.Thetford, P.Gray German Aircraft of the First World War (Putnam)
- W.Green, G.Swanborough The Complete Book of Fighters
- J.Herris Pfalz Aircraft of WWI (A Centennial Perspective on Great War Airplanes 5)
- M.Dusing German Aviation Industry in WWI. Volume 2 (A Centennial Perspective on Great War Airplanes 85)
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J.Herris - Pfalz Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (5)
Pfalz Parasol serial P2 displays its designation on a white panel on the sides of the fuselage. This aircraft otherwise bore the usual factory finish of clear-doped linen with black borders, and black struts, pylon and metal areas.
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J.Herris - Pfalz Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (5)
This Pfalz Parasol serial P23 bore uniquely colorful markings applied for a very special mission. Once Italy declared war on Austria-Hungary on 23 May 1915, the German Kaiser sent the German Alpenkorps (Alpine Corps) to the Tyrol to help defend the southern flank of the Alps,- part of this Corps was the newly formed Bavarian Feldflieger-Abteilung 9b, equipped with four Otto-Werke-built LVG B.I biplanes and three Pfalz Parasols. The Parasols were found to be superior in their ability to operate in the rugged geography and mountain weather. Based at Toblach in the Puster Valley,
the unit was forbidden to cross the Italian border, as Germany and Italy would not be at war until August 1916. For a special bombing raid to Cortina d'Ampezzo (which was Austrian, but then Italian-occupied) three Parasols were equipped with bomb racks for five small bombs on each side of the cockpit. On 3 June 1915 the order was given to 'disguise' the nationality of the three Parasols by applying the red and white Austro-Hungarian colors to the fuselage and wings, as seen on P23. This machine was flown by Lt. Marz, who crashed fatally in it shortly after takeoff. The striking red and white markings were applied to the sides of the fuselage aft of the cockpit, and to the underside (but apparently not the upper surface) of the wing. Otherwise these aircraft bore the standard finish described above. -
J.Herris - Development of German Warplanes in WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (1)
This Pfalz Parasol, later designated Pfalz A.I, was assigned to Flieger Abteilung 9b in July 1915 and engaged in missions against Italy in the Alps despite the fact that Italy and Germany were not then at war! The red/white bands were to make the Italian think the aircraft was Austro-Hungarian. The crew was Lt. Marz and Lt. Wissel.
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J.Herris - Pfalz Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (5)
Pfalz Parasol serial P43 displays the full black and white diagonal markings of Feldflieger Abteilung 9b as part of Armea-Abteilung-Gaede in late 1915; the black rudder was also applied to units in this formation. This aircraft otherwise bore the usual factory finish of clear-doped linen with black borders, and black struts, pylon and metal areas. The 'P43' number was marked on each elevator and on the side of the cockpit. The black and white fuselage sash was applied to the fuselage sides and upper decking, but apparently not on the underside of the aircraft.
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J.Herris - Pfalz Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (5)
Pfalz A.II serial P61, the prototype for the Pfalz E.III fighter, wears the usual factory finish of clear-doped linen with black borders, and black struts, pylon and metal areas.
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J.Herris - Pfalz Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (5)
This Morane-Saulnier L, with transparent cockpit sides, was demonstrated at the Pfalz factory on 24 June 1914. This aircraft had an 80 hp Oberursel U.O engine.
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J.Herris - Pfalz Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (5)
A factory photograph of an early Pfalz-built parasol, possibly the first, powered by a French 80 hp Clerget engine.
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J.Herris - Pfalz Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (5)
Overhead view of a Pfalz Parasol; every available surface has an iron cross insignia to identify it as German, necessary because it was otherwise identical to the Morane-Saulnier L.
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J.Herris - Pfalz Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (5)
Pfalz Parasol with later style German national insignia.
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J.Herris - Pfalz Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (5)
Pilot Max Holtzem with a Pfalz Parasol; every available surface has an iron cross insignia to identify it as German. Holtzem had a long association with Pfalz aircraft, serving for a time as a factory pilot, serving a combat tour in Pfalz D.III fighters in Jasta 16b where he claimed two unconfirmed victories, and flying a Pfalz D.XV in postwar aerobatic exhibitions.
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J.Herris - Development of German Warplanes in WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (1)
The Pfalz Parasol was redesignated Pfalz A.I or A.II, depending on engine, in August 1915; this one is from Flieger-Abteilung 3b. Leutnant Hempel at left was the pilot; Oberleutnant Erhard Ergener at right was the observer. Hempel used the cloth tucked into a button hole on his flight suit to wipe engine oil from his flight goggles, a necessity for rotary-engine aircraft.
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J.Herris - Pfalz Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (5)
Pfalz Parasol of Flieger Erzatz Abteilung 1b at Schleissheim, 1916. Turkish flying students flank their German instructor.
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J.Herris - Pfalz Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (5)
Pfalz Parasol of Feldflieger-Abteilung 9b. From left: Carl Hailer, Hartl, Kiliani, Schmidt in cockpit, Biedermann, Paulin.
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J.Herris - Pfalz Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (5)
Group portrait of a Flieger-Abteilung between two Pfalz Parasols with early style German national insignia.
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J.Herris - Pfalz Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (5)
Pfalz Parasol with early style German national insignia.
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M.Bowden - The Great War's Finest. Volume1: Western Front 1914 /Aeronaut/ (1)
One of the few Pfalz parasols with the Bavarian designation, P2, readily visible. Most parasols had small lettering stenciled on various aircraft components. The national insignia were applied to all flying surfaces. In February 1914 the Pfalz company, located in Bavaria, signed a license agreement with the French Morane-Saulnier company to build the M-S Type H and Type L under license. The M-S Type L was built as the Pfalz Parasol; 60 were built with the first two being delivered to the Fliegertruppe in December 1914. Most were powered by the 80 hp, 7-cylinder Oberursel U-0 engines and some were built with the 100 hp, 9-cyliner Oberursel U-I engines. Later these types were retroactively designated the Pfalz A.I and A.II, respectively. (Aeronaut)
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J.Herris - Pfalz Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (5)
Pfalz parasol P12 in pristine condition. The stenciled designation P12 can be seen on the original photograph on the rudder and elevators.
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J.Herris - Pfalz Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (5)
When the Bavarian aircraft were re-designated to conform to the Prussian system mandated by Idflieg, this parasol became Pfalz A.I 25/15. The number after the slash is the last two digits of the year in which the contract was made, in this case indicating 1915. The original Bavarian designation of this aircraft was Pfalz P25.
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J.Herris - Pfalz Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (5)
Pfalz A.I 25/15. Pfalz may have covered their Parasols with German insignia because they were license-built Morane-Saulnier designs and only the national insignia differentiated the German from the French airplanes.
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J.Herris - Pfalz Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (5)
Above: Crew entering a Pfalz Parasol. Pfalz Parasols were useful but not robust aircraft.
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J.Herris - Pfalz Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (5)
Pfalz parasol P43 is shown here in service with Feldflieger-Abteilung 9b. The black rudder is part of FFA 9b's unit markings, which were instituted after the Cortina raid and the red/white markings were abandoned. The sloping black/white fuselage bands are also part of Feldflieger-Abteilung 9b's markings.
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J.Herris - Pfalz Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (5)
Pfalz Parasol from Flieger-Abteilung 5b. The propeller is enclosed by a protective cover with the Pfalz logo on it.
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M.Dusing - German Aviation Industry in WWI. Volume 2 /Centennial Perspective/ (85)
A Pfalz parasol powered by the 100 hp Oberursel U.I engine. Under the Idflieg system this version was designated the Pfalz A.II.
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J.Herris - Pfalz Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (5)
A Pfalz E.II heads a lineup including two Fokker E.IIIs, a Pfalz A.II, and an Ago C.I (or C.II) of Feld-Flieger Abteilung 9b.
Другие самолёты на фотографии: AGO C.I / C.II - Германия - 1915Fokker E.I / E.II / E.III / M.14 - Германия - 1914Pfalz E.I/E.II/E.IV/E.VI - Германия - 1915
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J.Herris - Pfalz Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (5)
A Pfalz A.I with seven-cylinder, 80 hp Oberursel U.O.
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J.Herris - Pfalz Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (5)
Pfalz parasol of Feldflieger-Abteilung 9b at Toblach in the summer of 1915.
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J.Herris - Pfalz Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (5)
Pfalz parasols of Feldflieger-Abteilung 9b at Toblach in the summer of 1915. From here in the rugged Bavarian Alps the raids on northern Italy were made. The wooden bomb rack containing five 10 kg Carbonit bombs is clearly seen attached to the fuselage.
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J.Herris - Pfalz Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (5)
Pfalz parasols of Feldflieger-Abteilung 9b at Toblach in the summer of 1915.
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J.Herris - Pfalz Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (5)
Ltn. Otto Kissenberth of Feldflieger-Abteilung 9b in Pfalz P39 demonstrates his camera for photographing bomb damage after a raid.The bombs were 10 kg Carbonit types stored in a wooden box externally on the fuselage side; each box held five bombs. The cables trailing down the fuselage side are the bomb release cables.
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J.Herris - Pfalz Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (5)
A Pfalz parasol of Feldflieger-Abteilung 9b starts its engine at Toblach in the summer of 1915.
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J.Herris - Pfalz Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (5)
A Pfalz parasol of Feldflieger-Abteilung 9b takes off from Toblach in the summer of 1915.
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J.Herris - Pfalz Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (5)
A Pfalz Parasol in flight.
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J.Herris - Pfalz Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (5)
Three views of Pfalz P 61, an A.II, armed with a single, synchronized Spandau LMG 08 machine gun. This aircraft was apparently a forerunner of the Pfalz E.III. Photographed in late 1915, the aircraft is still a two-seater and the observer's windscreen is still in place. All Pfalz E.IIIs may have been converted A.IIs.
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W.Green, G.Swanborough - The Complete Book of Fighters
The E III was considered an interim type and was evolved from the Morane-Saulnier Type L.
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M.Dusing - German Aviation Industry in WWI. Volume 2 /Centennial Perspective/ (85)
Pfalz E.III (1915/16)
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J.Herris - Pfalz Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (5)
The Pfalz E.III. appeared after the superior DH-2 and Nieuport 11 biplane fighters had arrived at the front, limiting its usefulness and production.
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J.Herris - Pfalz Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (5)
The single-seat Pfalz P59 Halb-Parasol was a modified parasol designed to improve visibility above and below the wing. It was powered by an 80 hp Oberursel U.O engine. The triple wing bracing wires indicate that it made use of the Pfalz E.II wing and likely other parts. The P59 may have been an unarmed fighter prototype.
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R.Kosin - The German Fighter since 1915 /Putnam/
Pfalz wooden fuselage with steel-wire diagonal bracing (fabric covering removed).
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J.Herris - Pfalz Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (5)
The interior of the Pfalz-built parasol shows the twin seats, rudimentary controls, and minimal instrumentation. The two fuel tanks carried fuel for a three hour flight.
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J.Herris - Pfalz Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (5)
Pfalz A.I (P23?) of Feldflieger-Abteilung 9b crashed at Toblach airfield, July 1915. The fuselage sides and underside of the wing were painted in red and white bands to simulate the Austro-Hungarian markings for bombing raids into Italy. Lt. Ferdinand Marz (inset) was mortally injured when this aircraft crashed on takeoff on 31 July 1915 on the Cortina raid.
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J.Herris - Pfalz Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (5)
A Pfalz parasol of Feldflieger-Abteilung 9b overturned by the wind at Toblach in the summer of 1915.
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J.Herris - Pfalz Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (5)
Landing accidents were a relatively frequent during the war because of the poor field conditions and light aircraft easily affected by a gust of wind. Here the crew poses by their Pfalz Parasol for the obligatory accident photograph.
В.Кондратьев Самолеты первой мировой войны
"ПФАЛЬЦ" E.III / PFALZ E.III
Основанная в 1913 году южногерманская фирма "Пфальц Флюгцойгверк" начала свою деятельность с лицензионного копирования французских двухместных аэропланов "Моран-Солнье" типов H (среднеплан) и L (моноплан-парасоль) с 80-сильными ротативными моторами "Оберурсель" U.O. Первый из них получил в Германии обозначение "Пфальц" E.I, а второй - "Пфальц" A.I. Те же машины, оснащенные 100-сильными двигателями "Оберурсель" U.I, назывались, соответственно, "Пфальц" E.II и А.II. Выпуск этих машин продолжался в 1914 и 1915 годах. На раннем этапе Мировой войны они применялись для разведки и аэрофотосъемки.
Обозначение E.III носил оснащенный синхронным пулеметом парасоль A.II. Этот аппарат также строился малой серией и поступал в войска.
Описание: