Phonix 20.14 / 20.16

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Страна: Австро-Венгрия

Год: 1917

Fighter

W.Green, G.Swanborough The Complete Book of Fighters

PHONIX 20.14 Austria-Hungary

   Shortly after commencing licence manufacture of the Brandenburg D I, the Phonix-Flugzeugwerke initiated work on an "improved fighter with a Nieuport (ie, sesquiplane] cellule” under the design leadership of Dipl-Ing Kirste. The prototype, completed early in December 1916, utilised the fuselage of Brandenburg D I 28.48 (48th 28-Series fighter) to which was applied a deepened forward portion eliminating the centre-section cabane of bracing struts. This was mated with an enlarged-area upper wing and shorter-span narrow-chord lower wing to provide the desired sesquiplane cellule. Crashed during flight testing on 16 January 1917, the prototype was rebuilt, redesignated 20.14 (ie, 14th experimental aircraft produced by Phonix), and fitted with modified ailerons and a new, lengthened fuselage. Retaining the 185 hp Austro-Daimler six-cylinder water-cooled engine, the 20.14 entered flight test in June 1917, proving to possess an inferior climb rate to the parallel 20.15. The sole 20.14 was eventually sold to the Navy and flown from Trieste.

Empty weight (approx), 1,466 lb (665 kg).
Loaded weight (approx), 2,028 lb (920 kg).
Span, 28 ft 2 3/5 in (8,60 m).
Length, 20 ft 8 in (6,30 m).
Height, 8 ft 11 1/2 in (2,73 m).
Wing area, 209.9 sq ft (19,50 m 2).


PHONIX 20.16 Austria-Hungary

   Destined to be Dipl-Ing Kirste’s final attempt to produce a successful single-seat fighter of sesquiplane configuration, the 20.16 mated a Brandenburg D I (ex 28.73) fuselage with a new wing cellule (as did the 20.14). The wings featured rounded tips and the upper wing, which utilised a new high-lift profile, was set lower on the fuselage to improve forward view for the pilot. The 20.16 was fitted with a 200 hp Austro-Daimler engine and was flight tested in the late spring of 1917, but, having failed to demonstrate desirable characteristics, by June of that year it was undergoing reconstruction with a Sparmann-designed biplane cellule similar to that of the 20.15. In this form it was to become the true prototype of the Phonix D I. No data are available apart from the wing span of 31 ft 6 in (9,60 m).

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P.Grosz, G.Haddow, P.Shiemer Austro-Hungarian Army Aircraft of World War One (Flying Machines)

Phonix 20.14

  In late 1916, at a time when the first Phonix-built Brandenburg D.I fighters were under construction, Diplom-Ingenieur Kirste was already busy adapting a wireless Nieuport wing cellule to the airframe to improve the flight characteristics. The Nieuport sesquiplane configuration had made a deep impression on German and Austro-Hungarian engineers, but most were unaware that the design worked best with light, rotary-engined fighters because in-line engined versions were simply too heavy. The drawings and technical specifications for the "improved D.I" were finished in November 1916 and one month later, the prototype was rolled out. Kirste had modified a production D.I airframe (28.48) by raising the fuselage to the level of the upper wing, thereby eliminating the center-section struts. The area of the upper wing was increased. The narrow lower wing was supported by a single V-strut and a slanted fuselage brace. The 28.48 prototype, powered by a 185 hp Daimler engine, was tested by Hauptmann Karl Nikitsch. A crash on 16 January 1917 damaged the prototype before the trials were completed.
  The rebuilt airframe, now designated 20.14, was fitted with a new, longer fuselage, modified ailerons and a redesigned tail. A pair of additional wing struts served to dampen vibration. Flight trials which began in June 1917 demonstrated speed superior to the production Brandenburg D.I(Ph) but the rate of climb was inferior to that recorded by the Sparmann-winged Phonix 20.15 prototype. In spite of structural simplicity, reduced drag and better visibility, Phonix soon jettisoned the sesquiplane concept in favor of Sparmann's more robust and efficient wing cellule.
  On 20 August 1917, the 20.14, on loan to the Navy, was reported damaged by Linienschiffsleutnant Wenzel Wosecek during a night landing exercise at Trieste. Another crash was reported in October 1917, after which the 20.14 was repaired and, according to unconfirmed reports, sold to the Navy.

Phonix 20.14 (28.48) Specifications (First Version)
Engine: 185 Daimler
Wing: Span Upper 8.60 m (28.21 ft)
Span Lower 6.00 m (19.68 ft)
Chord Upper 1.70 m (5.58 ft)
Chord Lower 1.00 m (3.28 ft)
Dihedral Upper 0 deg
Dihedral Lower 2 deg
Sweepback Upper 0 deg
Sweepback Lower 0 deg
Gap 1.40 m (4.59 ft)
Total Wing Area 19.5 sq m (210 sq ft)
General: Length 6.30 m (20.67 ft)
Height 2.73 m (8.96 ft)
Track 1.72 m (5.64 ft)
Empty Weight ca 665 kg (1466 lb)
Loaded Weight ca 920 kg (2029 lb)

Phonix 20.16

  In February 1917, Kirste designed an improved Nieuport wing cellule for the 20.16 fighter prototype. The wings were given a high-lift profile and refined wingtip contours. The upper wing was set lower on the fuselage for better visibility. The fuselage was taken from production airframe 28.73. In spite of using the more powerful 200 hp Daimler engine, the Phonix 20.16 did not demonstrate acceptable fighter characteristics when tested in April-May 1917, effectively putting a halt to development of the sesquiplane concept.
  The 20.16 was returned to Phonix for modification in June. Further improving on the 20.15 cellule, Sparmann changed the rib profile and made the lower and upper wings of unequal chord. A re-designed center section provided greater strength. After flight tests and inspection by Uzelac in August 1917, the 20.16 was pronounced "ripe for production." Considered the true prototype of the Phonix D.I fighter, 20.16 flight investigation continued through February 1918.

Phonix 20.16 Specifications (First Version)
Engine: 200 hp Daimler
Wing: Span Upper 9.60 m (31.50 ft)
Span Lower 6.60 m (21.65 ft)
Chord Upper 2.00 m (6.56 ft)
Chord Lower 1.20 m (3.94 ft)
General: Track 1.72 m (5.64 ft)

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Описание:Description:

W.Green, G.Swanborough The Complete Book of Fighters
P.Grosz, G.Haddow, P.Shiemer Austro-Hungarian Army Aircraft of World War One (Flying Machines)
E.Hauke, W.Schroeder, B.Totschinger Die Flugzeuge der k.u.k. Luftfahrtruppe und Seeflieger 1914-1918

C.Owers - Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft of WWI. Volume 3 - Monoplane Seaplanes /Centennial Perspective/ (19)

The first Austrian war-product Scout - The Brandenburg K Model and K.B. built by the Phonix Co.
P.Grosz, G.Haddow, P.Shiemer - Austro-Hungarian Army Aircraft of World War One /Flying Machines/

The modified Brandenburg D.I(Ph) 28.48 (later 20.14) with the “Nieuport wing cellule” designed by Kirste, photographed when it was rolled out in December 1916.
P.Grosz, G.Haddow, P.Shiemer - Austro-Hungarian Army Aircraft of World War One /Flying Machines/

The Phonix-built 28.48 prototype is fitted with a sesquiplane format wing cellule with a Vee strut and additional diagonal bracing struts. A standard Series 28 fuselage was modified with it filling the wing gap with the upper wing mounted atop the fuselage. The upper wing also mirrored the planform of the Nieuport (11,16, and 17) top wing. The aircraft exhibited greater speed and climb than the standard Series 28 fighter. It was damaged in a landing accident prior to undergoing formal tests and was rebuilt with a lengthened fuselage as prototype 20.14.
The simplicity of the sesquiplane layout and the absence of wire bracing is evident in this view of the modified 28.48. For flight tests armament was not installed.
W.Green, G.Swanborough - The Complete Book of Fighters

The sole example of the Phonix 20.14 which was completed in December 1916.
E.Hauke, W.Schroeder, B.Totschinger - Die Flugzeuge der k.u.k. Luftfahrtruppe und Seeflieger 1914-1918

Brandenburg 20.14 (Nieuport-Zelle)
P.Grosz, G.Haddow, P.Shiemer - Austro-Hungarian Army Aircraft of World War One /Flying Machines/

A rear quarter view of the 20.14 prototype showing it still had the Nieuport-style upper wing, modified lower vee-strut wing arrangement, and the diagonal bracing strut. The fuselage was lengthened following the crash of the 28.48.
Although an improvement on the production Brandenburg D.I, the 20.14 could not match the superior performance of the Phonix 20.15 prototype and was not developed further.
P.Grosz, G.Haddow, P.Shiemer - Austro-Hungarian Army Aircraft of World War One /Flying Machines/

Port side view of the 20.14 that succeeded the 28.48. A vertical fin has now been added to give the 20.14 greater directional stability than the standard Brandenburg D.I and 28.48 prototype.
The Phonix 20.14 (ex 28.48) was fitted with a longer fuselage, new tail, and washed-out ailerons.
C.Owers - Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft of WWI. Volume 3 - Monoplane Seaplanes /Centennial Perspective/ (19)

In its original version, the Phonix 20.16 represented the final attempt to perfect the sesquiplane wing that, although lighter in weight, lacked the robustness required by a high-performance fighter.
C.Owers - Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft of WWI. Volume 3 - Monoplane Seaplanes /Centennial Perspective/ (19)

The 20.16 prototype was a further development of the 20.14 design with sesquiplane wing cellule. The new upper wing had rounded wingtips, tapered trailing edges at the ailerons, and incorporated washout so the ailerons would not stall before the inboard section of the wings. If the ailerons stall first, the pilot loses roll control ata critical moment and the aircraft can easily enter a spin before the pilot can recover from the stall.
C.Owers - Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft of WWI. Volume 3 - Monoplane Seaplanes /Centennial Perspective/ (19)
C.Owers - Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft of WWI. Volume 3 - Monoplane Seaplanes /Centennial Perspective/ (19)

The 20.16 prototype shows its new upper wing and tailplane design. Unlike the earlier 20.14, the upper wing planform now resembles that of the lower wing. The radiator was installed in the inboard section of the port upper wing and the VK gun canister has been eliminated; synchronized guns would be used from now on. The vertical fin added to the 20.14 prototype has been retained for directional stability.
W.Green, G.Swanborough - The Complete Book of Fighters

After tests in June 1917, the Phonix 20.16 was rebuilt with an entirely new wing cellule.
P.Grosz, G.Haddow, P.Shiemer - Austro-Hungarian Army Aircraft of World War One /Flying Machines/

The Phonix 20.16 (second version), fitted with an improved Sparmann wing cellule, was considered the true prototype of the Phonix D.I. During initial tests in July 1917, it was flown unarmed.
C.Owers - Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft of WWI. Volume 3 - Monoplane Seaplanes /Centennial Perspective/ (19)

Phonix D.I-prototyp, 20.16
Форум - Breguet's Aircraft Challenge /WWW/

The Austro-hungarian experimental Phonix 20.16 in its second version. The first version of this experimental had a sesquiplane and a completely filled fuselage to the upper wing, resulting that the pilot could see nothing straight ahead. He could look possibly over the upper wing a little bit, judging from pictures.
What we see here is the second version of the 20.16 which can be distinguished by its equal wings and the radiator on the leading edge of the top wing. There was also romm between the top wing and the fuselage to look straight ahead.
This experimental was judged ripe for production in August 1917, to become the Phonix D.I production fighter.
E.Hauke, W.Schroeder, B.Totschinger - Die Flugzeuge der k.u.k. Luftfahrtruppe und Seeflieger 1914-1918

The Phonix 20.16 (second version). To provide more efficient cooling, the airfoil radiator has been replaced by a leading edge radiator. Assigned to the Flars weapons test group in April 1918, the 20.16 was used for testing electrical aiming sights through October 1918.
C.Owers - Hansa-Brandenburg Aircraft of WWI. Volume 3 - Monoplane Seaplanes /Centennial Perspective/ (19)

The re-designed Phonix 20.16 prototype with its revised, conventional wing cellule by Edmund Sparmann. Upper and lower wingtips were rounded. This was a stronger wing cellule that improved on the similar wing on the 20.15 prototype. Testing revealed good performance and flying qualities, and the production Phonix D.I fighter was based on this version of the 20.16. The radiator for the 200-hp Daimler was now located above the upper wing, a position that ensured adequate cooling at the expense of higher drag.

W.Green, G.Swanborough - The Complete Book of Fighters

The sole example of the Phonix 20.14 which was completed in December 1916.
W.Green, G.Swanborough - The Complete Book of Fighters

The Phonix 20.16 is illustrated here in its original sesquiplane configuration.
P.Grosz, G.Haddow, P.Shiemer - Austro-Hungarian Army Aircraft of World War One /Flying Machines/

Brandenburg D.I(Ph) 28.48 (modified)
P.Grosz, G.Haddow, P.Shiemer - Austro-Hungarian Army Aircraft of World War One /Flying Machines/

Phonix 20.14
P.Grosz, G.Haddow, P.Shiemer - Austro-Hungarian Army Aircraft of World War One /Flying Machines/

Phonix 20.16

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