P.Grosz, G.Haddow, P.Shiemer Austro-Hungarian Army Aircraft of World War One (Flying Machines)

Lloyd 40.03

  According to LFT records, the Lloyd 40.03 was powered by a 160 hp Daimler engine and shipped to WKF. The 40.03 may have served as a manufacturing sample for the Lloyd C.III built by WKF under license as the C.III(WKF) series 43.5


Lloyd 40.09

  The Lloyd 40.09 biplane, powered by a 160 hp Daimler engine, was the prototype for the Lloyd C.IV series 44, the first production aircraft scheduled for the all-wood veneer wing. To obtain comparative performance figures, the 40.09 was flown with both veneer and fabric-covered wings and wings of differing shape. The initial series of flight tests, completed in July 1916, demonstrated that the fabric-winged version had slightly better speed (6 km/h - 4 mph) but a marginally lower rate of climb. A second test series with new fabric and veneer wings undertaken in mid-August 1916 yielded slightly improved performance, both versions being about equal. With the completion of flight trials, the 40.09 prototype (fitted with fabric-covered wings) was re-designated as a C.IV series 44 aircraft but the actual number has not been identified.


Lloyd 40.12

  Developed in parallel with the 40.11, the Lloyd 40.12 prototype (company Type K.B.3.16A) was under construction in August-September 1916. Listed in Flars records as a modification of the fabric-winged Lloyd C.IV series 44, the 40.12, powered by a 160 hp Daimler engine, was regarded as the definitive prototype for the veneer-winged C.IV series 44.4. Because of the excellent performance achieved by the 40.11 (Lloyd C.V), further development and scheduled production of the 40.12 (as series 44.4) was cancelled. A factory drawing dated October 1916 shows that the 40.12 prototype was re-designated C.IV 44.41 and remained the sole example of the series. The airframe, less engine, was stored at Flek 17 in September 1918.

Lloyd 40.12 Specifications
Engine: 160 hp Daimler
Wing: Span Upper 13.28 m (43.57 ft)
Span Lower 12.68 m (41.60 ft)
Chord Upper 1.54 m (5.05 ft)
Chord Lower 1.52 m (4.99 ft)
Dihedral Lower 2 deg
Sweepback Upper 8 deg
Sweepback Lower 8 deg
Gap 1.80 m (5.91 ft)
Stagger 0.35 m (1.15 ft)
Total Wing Area 30.74 sq m (331 sq ft)
General: Length 8.00 m (26.25 ft)
Height 2.95 m (9.68 ft)
Track 1.90 m (6.23 ft)
Loaded Weight 1200 kg (2646 lb)


Lloyd C.II Series 42

  On 22 July 1915, the largest contract to date was awarded to Lloyd for 62 C.II reconnaissance biplanes (Type K.B.3.15) powered by the 145 hp Hiero engine. In May 1916, an additional eight C.II biplanes were ordered to provide work for the Lloyd factory, bringing the total to 70 aircraft numbered 42.01 to 42.70. Deliveries lagged substantially behind the December 1915 completion schedule, primarily because output of the license-built Hiero (Mar) engines, first installed in aircraft 42.18, did not keep pace with C.II production. Nor was the new engine sufficiently reliable. According to Flik 17 (December 1915) "It was impossible to perform more than two or three flights without the engine acting up," an experience shared by other squadrons. Although Marta technicians, rushed to the Front, were gradually able fix the problems, engine performance tended to drop off "after only 10 to 12 hours" greatly reducing the rate of climb. Deliveries were further delayed by a severe injury to the sole Lloyd acceptance pilot in August, who was not replaced until December 1915. Records show that the majority of the C.II biplanes reached the Front between February and July 1916.
  The first C.II biplanes, accepted at Aszod in August 1915, were dispatched to Fliks 16 and 17. With time, the Lloyd C.II was in service with virtually every combat squadron stationed on the Russian Front (Fliks 9, 11, 13, 14, and 26), and Italian Front (Fliks 7, 15, 16, and 17). In late 1916, with the arrival of superior aircraft, the C.II was gradually withdrawn from the Front and placed into training service. Some were fitted with dual controls. Although not very popular as school machines, 20 C.II trainers were still flying as late as August 1918.

Lloyd C.II Series 42 Specifications
Engine: 145 hp Hiero
Wing: Span Upper 14.62 m (47.97 ft)
Span Lower 13.84 m (45.41 ft)
Chord Upper 2.00 m (6.56 ft)
Chord Lower 1.70 m (5.58 ft)
Dihedral Lower 2 deg
Sweepback Upper 8 deg
Sweepback Lower 8 deg
Gap 1.85 m (6.07 ft)
Stagger 0.13 m (0.43 ft)
Total Wing Area 38.3 sq m (412 sq ft)
General: Length 8.82 m (28.94 ft)
Height 3.16 m (10.37 ft|
Track 2.05 m (6.73 ft)
Empty Weight 900 kg (1985 lb)
Loaded Weight 1329 kg (2931 lb)
Maximum Speed: 128 km/hr (80 mph)
Climb: 1000m (3,281 ft) in 6 min


Lloyd C.III Series 43

  Lloyd delivered its first C.III in August 1916, just as the last of 44 license-built C.III|WKF) series 43.5 was accepted. It was never intended for Lloyd to manufacture the C.III, but delays in perfecting the veneer wing, scheduled for the Lloyd C.IV series 44, led Flars to order 16 aircraft (eight each of C.II and C.III) on 22 May 1916 to provide factory work. The C.III, referred to as a "lightened C.II" and carrying the same model number (Type K.B.3.15), was powered by the 160 hp Daimler engine. Acceptances of the C.III biplanes, numbered 43.01 to 43.08, began in August and ended in September 1916.
  Beginning in September 1916, the Lloyd-built C.III biplanes were sent to the newly-established Fliks 32 and 33 stationed on the Rumanian Front and performed general reconnaissance assignments with full satisfaction. During 1917, the Lloyd and WKF-built C.III aircraft were distributed among various Fliks for advanced flight and proficiency training. Further details can be found under Lloyd C.III(WKF) series 43.5.

Lloyd C.III Series 43 Specifications
Engine: 160 hp Daimler
Wing: Span Upper 14.62 m (47.97 ft)
Span Lower 13.84 m (45.41 ft)
Chord Upper 2.00 m (6.56 ft)
Chord Lower 1.70 m (5.58 ft)
Dihedral Lower 2 deg
Sweepback Upper 8 deg
Sweepback Lower 8 deg
Gap 1.85 m (6.07 ft)
Stagger 0.13 m (0.43 ft)
Total Wing Area 38.3 sq m (412 sq ft)
General: Length 8.82 m (28.94 ft)
Height 3.16 m (10.37 ft)
Track 2.05 m (6.73 ft)
Loaded Weight 1310 kg (2888 lb)
Maximum Speed: 137 km/hr (85 mph)
Climb: 1000m (3,281 ft) in 8 min


Lloyd C.IV Series 44 and 44.2

  Static calculations for the veneer-winged Lloyd C.IV series 44 biplane (Type K.B.3.16) were submitted to Flars for approval in February 1916. Production was under way in April and on 1 May 1916, Flars signed a contract for 48 C.IV series 44 biplanes, powered by the 160 hp Daimler engine, to be delivered between 13 May and 30 June 1916. When Flars learned that the veneer wing was experiencing serious manufacturing delays, the production total was reduced to 20 aircraft in July. Rather than stop output entirely and hoping to salvage what remained of the program, Flars decreed that all C.IV production aircraft were to be delivered with fabric-covered wings such as had been tested on the 40.09 prototype. The first C.IV aircraft was accepted in December 1916. Because the C.IV was overweight by 210 kg (463 lb), Lloyd incurred a penalty payment.
  In LFT records a total of 21 C.IV biplanes have been identified, consisting of 13 series 44, numbered 44.01 to 44.13, and eight series 44.2, numbered 44.21 to 44.28. The additional machine is believed to have been the renumbered 40.09. No explanation has been found why production was split into two separate batches, but indications are that series 44.2 was delivered with dual controls for training purposes. Because of marginal performance, the Lloyd C.IV biplanes were sent to the Eastern Front in February 1917 to serve with Fliks 11 and 26 and later Flik 43. Several were attached to frontline squadrons on the Italian Front as advanced trainer or communication aircraft. In August 1918 all remaining aircraft were ordered to home-front training establishments.
  Of the total C.IV aircraft built by Lloyd (21) and WKF (16), six were listed on frontline squadron inventory as of 1 August 1918. Eight Lloyd-built machines were offered for sale to Czechoslovakia in 1920.

Lloyd C.IV Series 44 Specifications
Engine: 160 hp Daimler
Wing: Span Upper 14.52 m (47.64 ft)
Span Lower 13.72 m (45.01 ft)
Chord Upper 1.55 m (5.09 ft)
Chord Lower 1.55 m (5.09 ft)
Dihedral Lower 1 deg
Sweepback Upper 8 deg
Sweepback Lower 8 deg
Gap 2.00 m (6.56 ft)
Stagger 0.35 m (1.15 ft)
Total Wing Area 38 sq m (408 sq ft)
General: Length 8.79 m (28.84 ft)
Height 3.18 m (10.43 ft)
Track 2.05 m (6.73 ft)
Empty Weight 909.7 kg (2006 lb)
Loaded Weight 1334.7 kg (2943 lb)
Maximum Speed: 137 km/hr (85 mph)
Climb: 1000m (3,281 ft) in 5 min 30 sec
2000m (6,562 ft) in 13 min 40 sec
3000m (9,843 ft) in 21 min 10 sec


Lloyd C.IV Series 44.4

  Concurrent with ordering 24 Lloyd C.V biplanes on 13 December 1916, Flars ordered eight C.IV series 44.4 biplanes (Type K.B.3.16A) as back-up insurance should unforeseen problems occur with the C.V's more innovative design. The veneer-winged biplanes were numbered 44.41 to 44.48 and powered by a 160 hp Daimler engine. As soon as it became apparent that the Lloyd C.V was a superior aircraft, the production contract for the C.IV series 44.4 biplanes was cancelled. Only one Lloyd C.IV series 44.4 aircraft appeared in the LFT inventory; it was number 44.41, the re-numbered 40.12 prototype.
  
Lloyd C.IV Series 44.4 Specifications
Engine: 160 hp Daimler
Wing: Span Upper 13.28 m (43.57 ft)
Span Lower 12.68 m (41.60 ft)
Chord Upper 1.54 m (5.05 ft)
Chord Lower 1.52 m (4.99 ft)
Sweepback Upper 8 deg
Sweepback Lower 8 deg
Gap 1.80 m (5.91 ft)
Stagger 0.35 m (1.15 ft)
Total Wing Area 33.16 sq m (357 sq ft)
General: Length 8.00 m (26.25 ft)
Height 2.95 m (9.68 ft)
Track 1.90 m (6.23 ft)
Empty Weight 843 kg (1859 lb)
Loaded Weight 1297 kg (2860 lb)
Maximum Speed: 135 km/hr (84 mph)
Climb: 1000m (3,281 ft) in 6 min


Lloyd C.III(WKF) Series 43.5

  For WKF's initial production contract, Flars chose a more powerful version of the popular and uncomplicated Lloyd C.II biplane. Designated Lloyd C.III(WKF), the airplane differed only in the engine installation that WKF modified for the 160 hp Daimler; all other parts were interchangeable with the Hiero-engined Lloyd C.II. After receiving a letter of intent, WKF began assembly work in mid-1915, and full-scale production was under way in December. The contract, signed on 8 February 1916, called for 24 Lloyd C.III series 43.5 biplanes to be delivered beginning in December 1915 and ending in March 1916. On 23 May 1916, twelve additional C.III biplanes were ordered, scheduled for delivery in April 1916. The contract was later amended to include an additional eight C.III biplanes as a substitute for the Lloyd C.IV(WKF) that had been delayed by development problems. Thus a total of 44 Lloyd C.III(WKF) biplanes, numbered 43.51 to 43.94, was delivered between January and August 1916.
  In February 1916, the first WKF-built C.III biplanes began to reach operational units, comprising the initial equipment of the newly-established Fliks 21 and 23 on the southern Tirol Front. When Flik 15 was transferred to this Front from the Balkans in March 1916, it also was equipped with Lloyd C.III(WKF) biplanes. The type was flown singly by Fliks 2, 4, and 12 on the Isonzo Front and Flik 16 in Karnten. On the Eastern Front, the C.III(WKF) comprised the original equipment of the newly-formed Fliks 26, 29, 30, and 31, and some "second-hand" machines were assigned to Fliks 1, 9, and 11. In October 1916, Flik 34 (Isonzo Front) was given three old C.III(WKF) machines to train novice pilots in landing on small airfields, rather than endanger the valuable Brandenburg C.I(Ph) series 27 aircraft for this purpose.
  When it arrived at the Front in early 1916, the C.III(WKF) was regarded as a serviceable, all-round reconnaissance type of average performance. Most aircraft were fitted with wireless equipment. Flik 15 reported in June 1916 that the C.III had fully met the high demands imposed by the surrounding mountainous terrain. In particular, new aircraft were repeatedly able to attain 4000 meters (13,124 ft) with full service load plus 60 kg (132 lb) bombs. However, the type was inferior to the new Brandenburg C.I that had become operational at about the same time. As a consequence, frontline units often took the new(er) Daimler engines from their C.III aircraft and installed the pirated powerplants in Brandenburg machines. That the C.III was, in effect, a "hidden supply depot" remained unknown to the high command. In the summer of 1916, the complaints of "soft" wings, vibrating struts, and degrading performance began to increase, and the C.III machines were withdrawn or dispatched to units on the Eastern Front.
  In March 1917, the C.III aircraft were removed altogether from operational service and modified into dual-control trainers. They were flown by advanced students primarily at Fleks 2 to 6 and 8. As of 1 July 1917, there were 32 C.III trainers in Flek inventory, and a handful were still flying in late 1918. Eight of these were offered for sale to the Czechoslovakian government in April 1920.


Lloyd C.IV(WKF) Series 44.5 and 44.6

  Having gained experience in building the Lloyd C.III, Flars now assigned WKF the license-production of the Lloyd C.IV biplane fitted with the new Lloyd veneer-covered wing. Component manufacture was well under way when Flars confirmed the letter of intent by signing a contract on 22 May 1916 for 24 Lloyd C.IV(WKF) biplanes. All were to be delivered by 24 June 1916. It soon became apparent that delays were inevitable owing to problems encountered in manufacturing the veneer wing. Flars considered cancelling the WKF contract, but rather than scrap completed parts, the C.IV production total was reduced to sixteen aircraft as outlined below. The remainder of the order was filled by an additional eight Lloyd C.III biplanes.
  Because of the veneer wing delays, Flars directed in July 1916 that the first eight C.IV aircraft would be delivered with fabric-covered wings (tested on the Lloyd 40.09 prototype) to keep the factory workers occupied and achieve some measure of output. These aircraft were designated Lloyd C.IV(WKF), numbered 44.51 to 44.58 and powered by a 160 hp Daimler engine. They were identical with the Lloyd C.IV series 44.
  The first machine was accepted in November 1916. In December, several series 44.5 biplanes were dispatched to Flik 7 and Flik 9 on the Russian Front and remained in operational service until February 1917, when they were replaced. Some of these aircraft were modified for dual control in October 1917 and used as training aircraft. Along with the Lloyd-built C.IV, the machines were periodically attached to frontline units such as Fliks 50, 52/D, 54/D, 58/D, 59/D, and 64/F and to rear-area units such as Flek 4 and 17. Three were offered for sale to the Czechoslovakian government in 1920.
  The second batch of eight aircraft, designated Lloyd C.IV(WKF) 44.61 to 44.68, represented a totally new design based on the Lloyd C.IV 44.41 (40.12) prototype. These machines were fitted with single-bay, veneer-covered wings and given a compact, streamlined fuselage and new tail unit. Power was supplied by a 160 hp Daimler engine. The first four aircraft were accepted after great delay in February 1917. The C.IV(WKF) series 44.6 saw limited frontline service. Flik 9 had one aircraft (44.63) in March 1917 and another was flown by Flik 54/D in November 1917. Five were listed in storage in October 1918.

E.Hauke, W.Schroeder, B.Totschinger Die Flugzeuge der k.u.k. Luftfahrtruppe und Seeflieger 1914-1918

40. Flugzeuge der Ungarischen Lloyd-Flugzeugfabrik Budapest
40.03 Lloyd DD Dm 160
40.09 Lloyd DD Prototyp für C.IV Dm 160
40.12 Lloyd DD Prototyp für C.IV Dm 160
42.01 — 42.49 Lloyd C.II H 145
42.51 — 42.70 Lloyd C.II H 145
43.01 — 43.08 Lloyd C.III Dm 160
43.51 — 43.97 Lloyd C.III (Wkf) Dm 160
44.01 — 44.27 Lloyd C.IV Dm 160
44.41 (ex 40.12) Lloyd C.IV Dm 160
44.51 — 44.58 Lloyd C.IV Dm 160
44.61 — 44.77 Lloyd C.IV Fournierflügel Dm 160