F.Manson British Bomber Since 1914 (Putnam)
Wight Admiralty Type 840
The appearance of the 225hp Sunbeam engine encouraged not only Short Bros to embark on their successful Type 184, but also the East Cowes company of J Samuel White, whose chief designer, Howard T Wright, recognised that an engine of this power made possible a torpedo-carrying seaplane, capable of realising Admiralty demands for a worthwhile range as well as a relatively heavy warload. The ensuing design was the Admiralty Type 840, so designated from the serial number of an example in the first production batch ordered, Nos 831-840.
The Type 840 was an almost exact contemporary of the Short 184 and, despite featuring four-bay wings, possessed a closely comparable performance. Moreover, on account of much longer, three-step main floats, the Wight seaplane could dispense with a tail float. The 14in torpedo was held by crutches on the rear three inter-float ties, and would have been partly submerged when the aircraft was resting on the water.
Although the Short was probably recognised from the outset as being the superior aircraft, the Admiralty clearly felt Wright's design worthy of production orders, and 52 examples (from at total of 68 ordered) came to be built, though none ever joined an operational unit of the RNAS, serving instead at various naval ports, perhaps occasionally performing coastal patrols.
Just as the Short 184 came to provide the basis of a landplane bomber, which was built in numbers and reached operational service (see Short Bomber), Whites produced a landplane version of their Type 840, retaining the four-bay wings. Small changes were made to the tail unit, the tailplane being raised to top of the fuselage. A much simpler twin mainwheel undercarriage replaced the floats, incorporating a small, forward-rigged wheel to avoid the possibility of grounding the propeller during landing. Unlike the Short, the Wight landplane inherited a long slim fuselage, and one is perhaps able to conjecture that handling of this version would have been superior to that of the original Short 184 landplane. Bomb load would probably have been of the order of eight 65 lb bombs in place of the seaplane's 810lb torpedo. It has been suggested that at some time in its life a 275hp Rolls-Royce engine might have been fitted, but as far as is known only one example of the landplane was completed.
Type: Single-engine, two-seat, four-bay biplane torpedo-bomber seaplane.
Manufacturers: J Samuel White & Co, East Cowes, Isle of Wight; William Beardmore & Co Ltd, Dalmuir, Dumbartonshire; Portholme Aerodrome Ltd, Huntingdon.
Powerplant: One 225hp Sunbeam eight-cylinder, water-cooled, in-line engine driving two-blade propeller.
Dimensions: Span, 61ft; length, 41ft; wing area, 568 sq ft.
Weights: Tare, 3,408 lb; all-up (with 810 lb torpedo), 4,810 lb.
Performance (without torpedo): Max speed, 81 mph at sea level; max endurance, 7 hr.
Armament: Either one 810 lb 14in torpedo or equivalent weight of bombs; no provision for gun armament.
Production: A total of 68 Type 840s was ordered, of which 52 were built. White, 24 (Nos 831-840, 1300-1319 and 1351-1354); Beardmore, 25 (Nos 1400-1411 and 9021-9033); Portholme, 3 (Nos 8281-8283). The remainder were delivered as spares (Nos 8284-8292 and 9034-9040).
Summary of Service: Wight Type 840s served at a number of RNAS Seaplane Stations, including Felixstowe, Scapa Flow and Gibraltar.
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M.Goodall, A.Tagg British Aircraft before the Great War (Schiffer)
Deleted by request of (c)Schiffer Publishing
WIGHT tractor seaplane, Admiralty Type 840
The production of this machine began in the Autumn of 1914, with the first of three batches on Contracts CP01243/14 for serial Nos.835-840 and CP68765/14 for Nos. 1300-19 and 1351-4, totaling thirty aircraft built at Cowes by the parent company. The first machine was completed in April 1915, and production continued at Whites until the end of the year. Other contracts were placed in 1915 with Beardmores for thirty-two aircraft and Portholme for twenty-two aircraft, the manufacture of which continued until late in 1916, although not all of these were finally assembled.
The Type 840 was a conventional tractor biplane, with four bay folding wings and top wing overhang, braced by wires and kingposts. Wing tip floats with skateboards were fitted. The wings were of 'double camber' section and carried single acting ailerons on the top wing only. The fuselage was of tapering rectangular section with a curved top decking, with the crew located well behind the wings. The engine exhausted through a funnel like pipe above the top wing, and was cooled by tall square section radiators on each side.
The triangular fin was braced by a strut to the tailplane tip each side. A triangulated group of struts under the tail end was an anchorage for the tailplane lift struts, but after the prototype had flown, a further triangular fin was inserted in this area. The tailplane was rectangular and carried divided elevators. The chassis was a complex affair of inverted vee struts with curved crossbars to permit the carriage of a torpedo. The long floats were similar to those of earlier Wight machines with three steps and water rudders. On later machines the requirement to carry a torpedo was deleted and the chassis was increased in height with four single struts to each float and straight crossbars. At least one machine was flown as a landplane with the tailplane repositioned and with a modified fin and rudder.
Power: 225hp Sunbeam Mohawk twelve-cylinder water-cooled vee driving a lift or 11ft 6in diameter two-bladed Lang propeller or a 10ft diameter four-bladed propeller.
Data
Span top 61ft
Span bottom 46ft
Span folded 12ft 2in
Chord 5ft 6in
Area 568 sq. ft
Length 41ft
Height 14ft 4in
Weight 3,408 lb.
Weight allup 4,453 lb.
Max speed 75 mph
Endurance 7hr
Climb 3,000 ft in 16 min
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P.Lewis British Bomber since 1914 (Putnam)
Among the machines from J. Samuel White and Company which achieved quantity production was the Wight Admiralty Type 840 seaplane, a two-seat tractor biplane fitted with the 225 h.p. Sunbeam. The 61 ft. span, four-bay, folding wings possessed a moderate amount of overhang of the upper planes, in which were incorporated the long-span ailerons. The wing section embodied the double-camber idea with its depression in the upper curve of the aerofoil. Twin main floats were attached to the simple type of fuselage by a complex arrangement of struts; as a torpedo-carrier the cross-braces between the floats were arched, but later examples which were not intended to launch a 14 in. torpedo appeared with straight cross-struts. The Sunbeam received its cooling through twin radiators, one of which flanked the engine on each side. The Type 840 was employed at a number of R.N.A.S. coastal stations, but was unable to match the lustre which attached to its contemporary, the Short Type 184.
A landplane version of the Wight Type 840 was constructed using, among other modifications, a nosewheel main undercarriage reminiscent of the Grahame-White Type 18.
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J.Bruce British Aeroplanes 1914-1918 (Putnam)
Wight Seaplane, Admiralty Type 840
CONTEMPORARY with and directly comparable to the Short Type 184 seaplane was a large Wight tractor seaplane powered, like the Short, by the 225 h.p. Sunbeam engine. A contemporary reference indicates that the machine was designated the Wight R.R. by its makers, but to the Admiralty it was known as the Wight Seaplane Type 840. The number was, of course, the serial number of a typical machine of the first production batch.
The Wight 840 was a four-bay biplane with extensions on the upper wings. Single-acting ailerons were fitted to the upper wing only, and the mainplanes were arranged to fold. The aerofoil section had the double-camber upper surface favoured by Howard Wright.
The long slender fuselage terminated in a simple strut-braced tail-unit; a small king-post was provided under the fuselage to support the lift struts for the tailplane. The fin was a simple triangular surface, and later machines had a similar, though somewhat smaller, fin below the fuselage. There was no tail-float, for the main-floats were long enough to keep the tail high at all times; each float had three steps.
The Wight 840 was intended to be a torpedo-carrier, and crutches were fitted to the rear three inter-float ties. On the first few machines these ties were arched to accommodate the torpedo; but later, as was the case with the Short 184, straight ties were fitted and no torpedo was carried.
The Wight 840 was ordered in quantity, but Whites were unable to expand their aircraft department in view of their ship-building commitments. Contracts were therefore given to Beardmore and to the Portholme Aerodrome, Ltd.; all but three of the Wights built by the latter contractor were delivered in the form of spares.
The type was used at a number of R.N.A.S. seaplane stations but was never so successful nor so numerous as the Short 184. The last Wight 840 in the R.N.A.S. was still in service at Scapa Flow in 1917.
SPECIFICATION
Manufacturers: J. Samuel White & Co., East Cowes, Isle of Wight.
Other Contractors: William Beardmore & Co., Ltd., Dalmuir, Dumbartonshire. Portholme Aerodrome, Ltd., St. John’s St., Huntingdon.
Power: 225 h.p. Sunbeam
Dimensions: Span: 61 ft. Length: 41 ft.
Areas: Wings: 568 sq ft.
Weights: Empty: 3,408 lb. Loaded: 4,453 lb.
Performance: Maximum speed: 81 m.p.h. Maximum endurance: 7 hours.
Armament: One 14-inch (810-lb) torpedo, or an equivalent load of bombs.
Service Use: R.N.A.S. Seaplane Stations such as Felixstowe and Scapa Flow; R.N.A.S. Station, Gibraltar.
Serial Numbers: 831-840: built by White. 1300-1319: built by White. 1351-1354: built by White. 1400-1411: built by Beardmore. 8281-8292: ordered from Portholme Aerodrome; only 8281-8283 were delivered; the rest were delivered as spares. 9021-9028. 9029-9040.
Notes on Individual Machines: 838 was flown at Felixstowe, 1406 at Gibraltar.
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H.King Armament of British Aircraft (Putnam)
Wight
Type 840. Like its counterpart the Short 184, this twin-float seaplane was designed to carry a 14-inch torpedo. On the first few machines the bracing-ties between the floats were arched accordingly, but these members were later made straight, and a bomb load of considerably less than the torpedo's weight was carried. A Wight seaplane of unspecified type was used in 1915 for bombing experiments at Calshot.
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O.Thetford British Naval Aircraft since 1912 (Putnam)
WIGHT ADMIRALTY TYPE 840 SEAPLANE
The Wight Type 840 was designed as a torpedo-carrying seaplane to the same requirements as the more famous Short Type 184. It could carry a single 810 lb 14 in torpedo, but there are no records of this weapon having been used in action. It served with the RNAS at Felixstowe, Scapa Flow and Gibraltar on anti-submarine patrol between 1915 and 1917. No.835 (illuistrated) was one of the batch 831 to 840 built by the parent company, which also produced Nos.1300 to 1319 and 1351 to 1354. About 70 Wight 840 seaplanes were delivered to the RNAS, including sub-contracted aircraft by Beardmore of Dalmuir and Portholme of Huntingdon. A landplane version also existed. One 225 hp Sunbeam engine. Loaded weight, 4.453 lb. Maximum speed, 81 mph. Span, 61 ft. Length, 41 ft.
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Jane's All The World Aircraft 1919
Type 840 TRACTOR SEAPLANE
Length: 41 ft.
Span: 61 ft.
Surface: 568 sq. ft.
Weight empty: 3408 lbs.
Useful load: 1045 lbs.
Engine: 225 h.p. Sunbeam.
Speed: 81 m.p.h.
Endurance: 4 hours.
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C.Owers Beardmore Aircraft of WW1 (A Centennial Perspective on Great War Airplanes 69)
Wight 840 Seaplane
Beardmores had entered into an agreement with the Wight Company to manufacture their designs on 4 May 1915. They received an order for 12 Wight Admiralty 840 Type seaplanes, the first being flown from the on 8 September by Dukinfield Jones, and delivered to HMS Engadine on the 12th. A second batch of eight was delivered commencing in early 1916.
MacKay records that another batch of four complete, not spare part, Wight 840 seaplanes was completed at Dalmuir in 1916. There are no serials recorded for these four machines; however, given that most of the second batch were delivered as spares, it seems unlikely that they were ever given serials.
Wight 840 Manufactured by Sir William Beardmore & Co Ltd
Contract No. Engine Serials
C.P.30564/15 225-hp Sunbeam 1400-1411
C.P.145459/15 225-hp Sunbeam 9021-9040
Nos. 9029 to 9040 were delivered as spare parts after construction was stopped in May 1916.
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