DFW B.II/C.I/C.II

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DFW B.II/C.I/C.II

Страна: Германия

Год: 1914

Фронтовой самолет

Варианты

DFW - B.I - 1914 - Германия
DFW - B.II/C.I/C.II - 1914 - Германия

В.Кондратьев Самолеты первой мировой войны

DFW B-I/C-I/C-II

   Двухместный цельнодеревянный трехстоечный биплан. Отдельные элементы конструкции (межкрыльевые стойки, тележка шасси, каркасы оперения, рулей и элеронов) выполнены из стальных труб каплевидного сечения.
   DFW В-I разработан в начале 1914 года на лейпцигской фирме Дойче Флюгцойгверк. Фабричное обозначение машины MD-14. Её непосредственным предшественником был биплан "Марс", на котором немецкие летчики воевали в составе турецкой армии в балканских войнах 1912-1913 гг. За характерную серповидную форму крыльев, предназначенную, по замыслу авторов, для повышения продольной устойчивости, самолет получил прозвище "летающий банан".
   С начала войны В-I применялся в качестве разведчика на западном и восточном фронтах. Весной 1915-го "банан" модернизировали, установив на него более мощный мотор и пулемет "Парабеллум" на кольцевой ферме над верхним крылом. Для стрельбы наблюдатель, размещенный впереди летчика, должен был вылезать из кабины и вставать на сиденье.
   Несмотря на то, что подобная система была не только неудобной, но и опасной (наблюдатель при работе с оружием полностью загораживал обзор пилоту и при любых маневрах мог просто выпасть из машины), в 1915 году построили 130 аппаратов данного типа. В связи с установкой пулемета, DFW перевели в класс "вооруженных бипланов", присвоив ему индекс C-I.
   Летнабам DFW недолго пришлось заниматься "эквилибристикой". В том же году появился DFW C-II с классическим размещением экипажа (пилот спереди, наблюдатель сзади), что позволило смонтировать в задней кабине стандартную пулеметную турель "Шнейдер". Кроме того самолет оснастили двухстоечной бипланной коробкой с прямыми крыльями и слегка переделали хвостовое оперение. Новый аппарат утратил индивидуальные черты и уже ничем не отличался от большинства немецких разведчиков того периода. C-I и C-II использовались в разведэскадрах германских ВВС на обоих фронтах, но судя по крайне скудной информации о применении этих машин, они не получили широкого распространения, а вскоре на их место пришли более современные аэропланы.


ДВИГАТЕЛЬ

   "Бенц", 150 л.с. (C-I и C-II).


ВООРУЖЕНИЕ

   На В-I отсутствовало, на C-I и C-II - 1 подвижный "Парабеллум".


ЛЕТНО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ
(DFW B-I)

   Размах, м 13,97
   Длина, м 8,38
   Сухой вес, кг 653
   Взлетный вес, кг 1020
   Скорость максимальная, км/ч 120
   Время набора высоты, м/мин 1000/5

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J.Herris DFW Aircraft of WWI (A Centennial Perspective on Great War Airplanes 29)

DFW B.II

   The DFW B.II differed from the earlier B.I mainly in its wing design. The B.II wing abandoned the curved wing planform of the B.I for a rectangular planform with straight leading edges, and a two-bay design replaced the three-bay design of the B.I. The tail surfaces of the B.II were curved instead of straight like those of the B.I. The engine remained a 100 hp Mercedes D.I and side radiators were retained. The upper fuselage of the B.II was more contoured then that of the B.I. Photos show the B.II in service as a trainer. The Frontbestand does not show the B.II served at the front although that is not definitive; the DFW C.II and C.IV both served at the front and neither are listed in the Frontbestand.

DFW C-Types

<...>
   In contrast to the excellent C.V, the other DFW C-types made no significant impact on the air war. The earlier production types, the C.I, C.II, and C.IV, were built and operated in very small numbers and made only a minor contribution to German aviation, being inferior to their competitors from Albatros and Rumpler. Their production orders and operational service was little-noted at the time, leaving only a sketchy record.
<...>

DFW C.I

   DFW's first two-seater designed from the outset to be armed was the C.I. The C.I appears to be derived from the DFW B.II; the C.I had a more conventional, rectangular wing planform that abandoned the banana shape of the B.I. The superstructure for the observer's flexible gun used in the earlier armed B-types was eliminated to reduce drag; instead, the gunner, still in the front seat, had a gun ring with flexible machine gun. Curved steel tubes fitted on both sides of the aircraft between the forward cabane struts and the fuselage blocked the gunner from firing through the propeller arc.
   The engine installed in the C.I was the reliable 150 hp Benz Bz.III that was more powerful than the 100 hp Mercedes used in most DFW B-types. Initially side radiators were used, but later C.I aircraft used a more modern leading edge radiator that had
lower drag than the side radiators. The leading edge radiator was also less prone to leaking and, in event of damage, offered more time before the cylinder heads were drained of water, enabling the engine to run a little longer after the water started leaking.
   Two small batches of the DFW C.I are known, C.1500/15 - C.1528/15 (29 aircraft) and C.1975/15 - C.1985/15 (11 aircraft). Apparently fitting of leading edge radiators started in the first batch.
   The late Peter M. Grosz indicated the DFW C.I was removed from the front due to weak wing spars. It is noted that three C.I aircraft completed the type test January 15, 1916, well after the C.I reached the front, and at a time when no C.I aircraft are shown in the Frontbeststand inventory. This may be the second type test for the DFW C.I confirming that the strengthened wing spars were satisfactory. The C.I returned to the front in small numbers a couple of months later, likely after the aircraft removed from the front were rebuilt with stronger wings.
   The DFW C.I is known to have served with Bavarian FFA 1b in at least November/December 1915, and FFA 32 is also known to have used at least one DFW C.I. Documentation also shows the DFW C.I served with a number of schools, including FEA 6, FEA 8, FEA 10, FEA 11, FEA 1b, and Beobachterschule Thorn from at least July 1916 to February 1918.

DFW C.II

   The DFW C.II was a simple development of the C.I. The observer, together with his flexible gun, was moved to the rear cockpit and the curved steel tubes fitted on both sides of the aircraft between the forward cabane struts and the fuselage on the C.I were eliminated as no longer necessary to block the gunner from firing through the propeller arc.
The engine installed in the C.II was the same reliable 150 hp Benz Bz.III that was installed in the C.I. The C.II also used the leading edge radiator that had been installed in later production C.I aircraft.
   Known production of the DFW C.II was very small, a total of 12 aircraft with serials C.4200/15 - C.4211/15.
   Based on photographs a small number of DFW C.II reconnaissance planes are thought to have been used operationally, but documentation is not available and they do not appear in the Frontbeststand inventory, so their service must have been brief.

Known DFW C.I, C.II, & C.IV Production Orders
Type Qty Serials Notes
C.I 29 C.1500-1528/15 Probably the full serial number range
C.I 11 C.1975-1985/15 Probably the full serial number range
C.II 12 C.4200-4211/15
These serial numbers are based on secondary data like photographs and strength reports, not primary sources like Idflieg orders. The highest serial numbers given for each type are the highest known.

DFW B & C-Type Specifications
DFW B.I DFW C.I DFW C.II DFW C.III
Engine 100 hp Mercedes D.I 150 hp Benz Bz.III 150 hp Benz Bz.III 160 hp Mercedes D.III 150 hp Benz Bz.III
Span, Upper 14.0 m 14.0 m - -
Span, Lower - - - -
Chord, Upper - - - -
Chord, Lower - - - -
Gap - - - -
Wing Area - 40 tn2 - -
Length 8.4 m 8.4 m - -
Height 3.18 m 3.18 m - -
Empty Weight 650 kg 800 kg 725 kg -
Loaded Weight 1,015 kg 1,140 kg 1,235 kg -
Maximum Speed 120 km/h 130 km/h 140 km/h -
Climb to 1,000m - - - -
Climb to 2,000m - - - -
Climb to 3,000m - - - -
Climb to 4,000m - - - -

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Описание:Description:

В.Кондратьев Самолеты первой мировой войны
O.Thetford, P.Gray German Aircraft of the First World War (Putnam)
J.Herris DFW Aircraft of WWI (A Centennial Perspective on Great War Airplanes 29)
Журнал Flight

J.Herris - DFW Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (29)

DFW C.I C.1501/15 of Feld-Flieger-Abteilung 1b, November-December 1915.
J.Herris - DFW Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (29)

DFW C.I C1512/15 (or C.1513/15; the final digit is not fully legible in the reference photo). This C.I has the leading edge radiator that was standard on the C.II. Unit unknown.
J.Herris - DFW Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (29)

DFW C.II C.4207/15, unit unknown.

J.Herris - DFW Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (29)
J.Herris - DFW Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (29)

DFW B.II, perhaps B.641/14. (Peter M. Grosz Collection/SDTB)
J.Herris - DFW Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (29)

DFW B.II B.655/14. (Peter M. Grosz Collection/SDTB)
J.Herris - DFW Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (29)

DFW B.II (MRD 15) in pristine condition but with no serial number. (Peter M. Grosz Collection/SDTB)
J.Herris - DFW Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (29)

This DFW B.II trainer was still flying in 1918; the old-style insignia remain on the wings but the new-style insignia have been applied to the fuselage. (Peter M. Grosz Collection/SDTB)
J.Herris - DFW Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (29)

A DFW B.II trainer with student in front and instructor in the back cockpit. The dual controls are connected by rods that protrude outside the fuselage.
J.Herris - DFW Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (29)

A DFW B.II trainer forms the backdrop for this portrait of aviators taken at DFW's Leipzig-Lindenthal flying school on 3 September 1915. The flight student in the center is Kurt Wusthoff; Wusthoff became a fighter ace with 27 victories who was awarded the Pour le Merits and survived the war. (Peter M. Grosz Collection/SDTB)
J.Herris - DFW Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (29)

DFW B.I QUENTIN (left foreground) and DFW B.II ALICE (right foreground) share the DFW flight school lineup at Lindenthal with a DFW Stahltaube (far right) and other DFW B-types. From right to left in the background, the first three aircraft of DFW B.I, then a DFW B.II, another DFW B.I, and another DFW B.II. The seventh aircraft in the lineup at far left is likely a B.I although it is not clear enough for positive identification. A DFW B.I is in front of the hangar in the middle background and the tail visible to the left of that hangar belongs to a DFW B.II. The 'banana' wing planform of the DFW B.I contrasts clearly with the rectangular wing planform of the DFW B.II. The leading edge of the fin is straight in the B.I but curved in the B.II, the opposite of their wings.

Другие самолёты на фотографии: DFW B.I - Германия - 1914
J.Herris - DFW Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (29)

DFW B.I and B.II trainers at Lindenthal as shown in issue Nr.3865 of the Illustrirte Zeitung. The aircraft types are indicated in hand printing under the photograph. (Peter M. Grosz Collection/SDTB)

Другие самолёты на фотографии: DFW B.I - Германия - 1914
O.Thetford, P.Gray - German Aircraft of the First World War /Putnam/

D.F.W. B II
J.Herris - DFW Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (29)

This DFW C.I carries national markings but no serial number. It has the early side radiators and a machine gun, or mockup gun, is also carried. The standard curved steel tubs to prevent the observer from firing through the propeller arc are not fitted. Photographed at the DFW factory, it may be the DFW C.I prototype. (Peter M. Grosz Collection/SDTB)
J.Herris - DFW Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (29)

The DFW C.I with the observer's flexible machine gun mounted on the gun ring in the front cockpit and the curved steel tubes from the forward cabane struts to the fuselage fitted to prevent the observer from firing through the propeller arc. Side radiators are fitted. (Peter M. Grosz Collection/SDTB)
J.Herris - DFW Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (29)

An early DFW C.I is the background for this portrait.
J.Herris - DFW Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (29)

Ground crew load a 10 kg Carbonit bomb in DFW C.I C.1501/15 of Bavarian FFA 1b. This was the largest bomb that observers could reasonably drop by hand. This high explosive bomb was made by the Sptrngstoff AG Carbonit - Schlebusch company. The aircraft has such an overall light color that no white backgrounds are needed for the national insignia.
J.Herris - DFW Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (29)

This unidentified DFW C.I carries identification streamers and differently-shaped steel guardrails to prevent the observer from firing through the propeller arc. (Peter M. Grosz Collection/SDTB)
J.Herris - DFW Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (29)

This unidentified DFW C.I carries identification streamers and differently-shaped steel guardrails to prevent the observer from firing through the propeller arc. The presence of a pilot without observer may indicate it is in training service or that the pilot is preparing for a training flight. (Peter M. Grosz Collection/SDTB)
J.Herris - DFW Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (29)

The DFW C.I was developed from the earlier DFW B-types and retained the pilot in the aft cockpit. The observer occupied the front cockpit and the curved steel tubes from the forward cabane struts to the fuselage were fitted to prevent the observer from firing through the propeller arc. The C.I was powered by a 150 hp Benz Bz.III. Uffz. F. Decker was photographed in front of this DFW C.I used as a trainer at Flieger Ersatz Abteilung 6. (Peter M. Grosz Collection/SDTB)
J.Herris - DFW Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (29)

Ground crew check the rigging on DFW C.I C.15XX/15. (Peter M. Grosz Collection/SDTB)
J.Herris - DFW Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (29)

Pristine DFW C.I (KD 15) C.1508/15 shows its overall light coloring. (Peter M. Grosz Collection/SDTB)
J.Herris - DFW Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (29)

DFW C.I C.1511/15 heads this DFW C.I lineup.
J.Herris - DFW Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (29)

DFW C.I C.1505/15 is in the left center background in front of the Fokker Eindecker in this photo of Feld-Flieger Abteilung 61. LVG B.I and Albatros B.II aircraft form part of this motley collection. (Bruno Schmaling)

Другие самолёты на фотографии: Albatros B.II - Германия - 1914 Fokker E.I / E.II / E.III / M.14 - Германия - 1914 LVG B.I - Германия - 1914
J.Herris - DFW Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (29)

DFW C.I C.1512/15 or C.1513/15; the curved steel tube from the forward port cabane strut to the fuselage fitted to prevent the observer from firing through the propeller arc is clearly visible. This aircraft has a leading edge radiator instead of the side radiators of earlier C.I aircraft.
J.Herris - DFW Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (29)

This DFW C.I carries national markings but no visible serial number. The cooling system has been improved with a leading edge radiator instead of the early side radiators. (Peter M. Grosz Collection/SDTB)
O.Thetford, P.Gray - German Aircraft of the First World War /Putnam/

D.F.W. C I
Форум - Breguet's Aircraft Challenge /WWW/

D.F.W. C.I 1980/15 of FEA 6
J.Herris - DFW Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (29)

Another view of DFW C.I C.1527/15 in flight. (Peter M. Grosz Collection/SDTB)
J.Herris - DFW Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (29)

DFW C.I C.1527/15 in flight.
J.Herris - DFW Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (29)

DFW C.I C.1507/15 of Bavarian FFA 1b in flight.
J.Herris - DFW Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (29)

The DFW C.II used the engine and airframe of the C.I but the pilot was moved to the front cockpit. The observer occupied the rear cockpit and had a flexible machine gun. The curved steel tubes from the forward cabane strut to the fuselage fitted to the C.I to prevent the observer from firing through the propeller arc was no longer needed on the C.II. A leading edge radiator was used in place of the side radiators used on the C.I aircraft. (Peter M. Grosz Collection/SDTB)
J.Herris - DFW Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (29)

The DFW C.II used the engine and airframe of the C.I but the pilot was moved to the front cockpit and the observer occupied the rear cockpit and had a flexible machine gun. (Peter M. Grosz Collection/SDTB)
J.Herris - DFW Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (29)

DFW C.II C.4207/15 in the factory. The observer in the rear cockpit is the key identifying feature of the DFW C.II compared to the C.I. Also, the C.II did not use the side radiators used on early C.I aircraft.
J.Herris - DFW Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (29)

Portrait of a proud pilot in his DFW C.II. (Peter M. Grosz Collection/SDTB)
J.Herris - DFW Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (29)

Observer Erhler proudly stands in front of a DFW C.II for his portrait. The lack of the C.I's curved steel tubes from the forward cabane strut to the fuselage fitted to prevent the observer from firing through the propeller arc identifies this aircraft as a DFW C.II.
J.Herris - DFW Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (29)

A DFW C.II in flight. The leading edge radiator and lack of the curved steel tubes attached to the front cabane struts differentiate the C.II from the C.I that used the same basic airframe.
J.Herris - DFW Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (29)

DFW C.II C.4204/15 in flight. (Peter M. Grosz Collection/SDTB)
J.Herris - DFW Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (29)

DFW C.II C.2733/15 in flight; interestingly, this serial does not appear in the lists. (Peter M. Grosz Collection/SDTB)
J.Herris - DFW Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (29)

DFW C.II C.4207/15 in flight. (Peter M. Grosz Collection/SDTB)
J.Herris - DFW Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (29)

DFW C.II C.4203/15 in flight. (Bruno Schmaling)
J.Herris - DFW Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (29)

DFW C.II C.420X/15 after a bad landing. The overall finish is very light. (Peter M. Grosz Collection/SDTB)
J.Herris - DFW Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (29)

DFW C.II C.4200/15 after a crash. No white insignia backgrounds are needed over the light finish. (Peter M. Grosz Collection/SDTB)
J.Herris - DFW Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (29)

This single-bay biplane with I-strut bracing was clearly a predecessor of the DFW C.V, but its exact role is not known. It may have been the C.III as indicated by one document, but the C.III is generally thought to be the DFW pusher.

J.Herris - DFW Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (29)

DFW C.I
J.Herris - DFW Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (29)

DFW C.I
J.Herris - DFW Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (29)

DFW C.I
J.Herris - DFW Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (29)

DFW C.I, DFW C.II
J.Herris - DFW Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (29)

DFW C.II
J.Herris - DFW Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (29)

DFW C.II
J.Herris - DFW Aircraft of WWI /Centennial Perspective/ (29)

DFW C.II

Фотографии