А.Шепс Самолеты Первой мировой войны. Страны Антанты

Моран-Сольнье тип P 1916 г.

   Этот двухместный разведчик стал развитием самолетов типа L. Как и Моран тип M, машина имела монококовый фюзеляж деревянной конструкции, более мощный двигатель "Рон" (120 или 110 л. с.). В отличие от типа M двухлонжеронное крыло оборудовалось элеронами. Машина вооружалась синхронным пулеметом "Виккерс". Самолет был строг в пилотировании и не прощал ошибок. Это было вызвано тем, что попытка улучшить летные данные самолета только заменой двигателя на более мощный и улучшением аэродинамики не учитывала центровку самолета, эффективность управления и т. д.
   Только учитывая все эти факторы, фирма смогла создать после войны неплохой самолет этой схемы MS.35.
  
  
ЛЕТНО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ
Моран тип P 1915г.
  
   Размах, м 11,2
   Длина, м 7,2
   Площадь крыла, кв.м 18,0
   Сухой вес, кг 433
   Взлетный вес, кг 733
   Двигатель "Рон"
   мощность, л.с. 120
   Скорость максимальная, км/ч 163
   Время набора высоты, м/мин. 2000/7,5
   Дальность полета, км 500
   Потолок, м 4800
   Экипаж, чел 2
   Вооружение 2 пулемета

В.Шавров История конструкций самолетов в СССР до 1938 г.

"Моран-парасоль Р" ( "Моран четвертый" , "Морчет" ) был развитием предыдущего с двигателем "Рон" в 110 л. с., потом в 120 л. с., с элеронами взамен перекашивания и с округленным многогранным фюзеляжем с продольными рейками под полотняной обтяжкой. Несмотря на значительно возросшие показатели, самолет потерял всю приятность, свойственную типу L, был строг в пилотировании. Летчики его не любили. Серийно он в России не строился. Был в нескольких французских экземплярах.


Самолет||
Год выпуска||1915
Двигатель , марка||
   мощность, л. с.||110
Длина самолета, м||7,2
Размах крыла, м||11,2
Площадь крыла, м2||18
Масса пустого, кг||433
Масса топлива+ масла, кг||95+33
Масса полной нагрузки, кг||280
Полетная масса, кг||733
Удельная нагрузка на крыло, кг/м2||40,7
Удельная нагрузка на мощность, кг/лс||6,7
Весовая отдача,%||37
Скорость максимальная у земли, км/ч||163
Время набора высоты||
   1000м, мин||3,5
   2000м, мин||7,5
   3000м, мин||12
Потолок практический, м||4800
Продолжительность полета, ч.||3,5

J.Davilla, A.Soltan French Aircraft of the First World War (Flying Machines)

Morane-Saulnier Type P

  The success of the Morane-Saulnier L and LA led the firm to produce an improved parasol design in 1916. By September 1915 the Nieuport 10 and 11 series had replaced the Type Ls and LAs in the fighter role. Although the parasols were still proving to be useful for reconnaissance missions, it was felt that with the appearance of the Fokker E.III in 1915 a more powerful version of the L and LA was needed.
  The new parasol design was given the Morane-Saulnier firm's designation Type P. It represented a complete redesign of the LA and incorporated a number of changes. The most important was the installation of a 110-hp Le Rhone 9Jb engine. The fuselage of the Type P was fully faired, resulting in a circular cross-section and, presumably, this streamlining contributed to the Type P's higher speed. The tail unit was similar to the preceding LA. Armament was variable and included a synchronized 0. 303 Vickers machine gun on top of the wing. There was a mounting for a second machine gun behind the cockpit; it was fired by the observer.
  The Type P was tested on 31 March 1916 and was accepted for service with the Aviation Militaire under the designation MoS.21. A total of 565 Type Ps were built.


Operational Service

  These aircraft supplemented, but did not replace, the Caudron G.4s, Farman M.F.11s, and Farman F.40s then in squadron use. Many of the French bomber and fighter escadrilles were assigned a few Type Ps, which were used for a variety of missions. For example, Type Ps were assigned to N 12 and N 124 (both of which were fighter units) which used them for short-range reconnaissance, light bombing, and dropping spies behind enemy lines.
  Two escadrilles were equipped completely with Type Ps. The first to be formed was MS 140, created in September 1917 and assigned 13 Type Ps (the first three were drawn from F 225). It was assigned to the 4th Armee as an army cooperation unit. The other unit was MS 215, formed from F 215 in September 1917. MS 215 was assigned to the 6th Armee and also had 13 Type Ps on strength. Other escadrilles which had some Type Ps on strength included N 67, N 79, F 203, F 206, C 207, F 215, and F 218. The Type Ps, however, did not stay in service very long as they were clearly obsolescent by mid-1916. Despite the large number of aircraft built, only 118 Type Ps were still in service by August 1917. There were 61 with the escadrilles at the front, 52 with the RGA, three under repair, and two probably serving as a source of spare parts. Both MS 140 and MS 215 had re-equipped with SPAD 16s by early 1918.
  An order issued in June of 1917 by the GQG sheds some light on the quick withdrawal of the Type P. It stated that numerous accidents involving the Morane parasols were believed due to structural failure as the result of pilot error or improper handling of the aircraft while being worked on by the ground crew. The order required that a detailed inspection be made of the aircraft before each flight, and particular care was to be taken not to grab the struts of the machine while effecting repairs or entering the cockpit. It was also suggested that the airplanes should not be flown in bad weather and that aerobatics should be avoided. The order went on to state that newer models would be strengthened with the use of metal plates on the struts and tail plane and that the rear spar of the wing was to be reinforced. Despite these precautions, the Type P was withdrawn from service in the fall of 1917. A GQG memo dated 9 August 1917 stated that it was planned to replace the Type Ps with a modified version, the MoS.26.
  The MoS.26, an improved version of the Type P, had a synchronized 0.303 Vickers machine gun and another 0.303 Vickers gun fired by the observer. Other changes from the MoS.21 included a strengthened structure, a circular engine cowling, and the addition of an enlarged spinner for improved streamlining. It is not known how many MoS.26s were built, but the figures given for August 1917 almost certainly include some of these aircraft.
  There was also a fighter version of the Type P. This had the observer's position faired over and a synchronized 7.7-mm Vickers machine gun mounted in front of the cockpit. Two prototypes were tested and, although the performance was felt to be satisfactory, it was found that the parasol wing obstructed the pilot's vision. A second version of the Type P fighter was built with a lower wing. In addition to this change, the pilot's position was moved aft of the wing, and he was given an adjustable seat to allow him to see over the wing. Other changes included installation of two 7.7-mm Vickers machine guns and an increase in fuel capacity. The new aircraft's performance was only marginally better than the standard Type P and it was not selected for use.


Foreign Service

Brazil
  A single Type P was obtained by Brazil in 1919. It was modified so that it could not fly and was used to train pilots how to taxi. The Type P, given serial 1 325, was struck off charge in 1920.

Japan
  A single Type P was obtained in 1919 and was used to train pilots how to taxi aircraft.

Russia
  The Imperial Russian Air Service obtained only a few Type Ps from France. Most had 110-hp Le Rhone engines, although later aircraft had 120-hp Le Rhones. The performance of the Type P was clearly superior to the LA, but the aircraft was felt to be considerably more difficult to fly. A few Type Ps were built in Russia but because Russian pilots disliked the type it was never used in large numbers. For details on distribution at the front see the entry under Type L/LA.

United Kingdom
  The RFC obtained its first example of the Type P in 1916. The aircraft, serial MS 746, was tested at No.2 Aircraft Depot at Candas, where it was given its new serial A120. Based upon a favorable report on the prototype P, the British placed an order for three more; on some there was to be a synchronized machine gun and a fairing for a camera and wireless. In addition, all aircraft were to have a ring mounting for the observer's machine gun.
  Deliveries were delayed because of a shortage of 110-hp Le Rhone engines. However, once this had been resolved an order for 20 more aircraft was placed. By September 1916 this order had been filled and 44 more Type Ps were ordered. While the fairing for the camera and wireless were fitted to some of these aircraft and the observer's gun was provided with a moveable mount, the synchronized gun was not fitted. Instead a Lewis 0.303 gun was mounted on top of the wing for those aircraft assigned to No.3 Squadron. No. 1 Squadron also used Type Ps.
  There continued to be troubles with the supply of 110-hp Le Rhone engines and on some of the Type Ps an 80-hp Le Rhone was used. These aircraft also had some minor alterations to the wing, struts, undercarriage, fuel tanks, and aileron linkages. Of the total of 36 Type Ps with 80-hp Le Rhones, at least nine were supplied to No.3 Squadron. After January 1917 all the 80-hp Type Ps had been relegated to training units.
  A total of 106 Type Ps (Mos.21 and MoS.26) were ordered. Small numbers of the MoS.26 were used by No.3 Squadron. By October 1917 the MoS.26s had been sent to No.2 Aircraft Depot, and those remaining were relegated to Pilot School No.1 AD at St. Omer, France and 1 Reserve Training Squadron at Gosport.


Morane-Saulnier Type P Two-Seat Reconnaissance Aircraft with 110-hp Le Rhone 9Jb (MoS.21)
   Span 11.16 m; length 7.18 m; height 3.47 m; wing area 18 sq. m
   Empty weight 433 kg; loaded weight 730 kg; payload 162 kg
   Maximum speed: 162 km/h at sea level; 155.8 km/h at 2,000 m; climb to 2,000 m in 8 minutes 45 seconds; climb to 3,000 m in 15 minutes 50 seconds; ceiling 4,800 m; range 375 km; endurance 4 hours
   Armament: synchronized 0. 303 Vickers machine gun on the top wing and a second machine gun fired by the observer
   A total of 565 were built

Morane-Saulnier Type P Two-Seat Reconnaissance Aircraft with 110-hp Le Rhone 9Jb (MoS.26)
   Dimensions: same as MoS.21
   Empty weight 430 kg; loaded weight 730 kg; payload 205 kg
   Maximum speed: 152 km/h at 2,000 m; climb to 2,000 m in 9 minutes, endurance 2.5 hours; range 375 km
   Armament: synchronized 0. 303 Vickers machine gun fired by the pilot and a second Vickers fired by the observer

Morane-Saulnier Type P Single-Seat, Single-Gun Fighter with 110-hp Le Rhone 9Jb
   Span 11.2 m; length 7.2 m; height 3.47 m
   Empty weight 430 kg; loaded weight 610 kg
   Maximum speed: 165 km/h at ground level; climb to 500 m in 1 minute 30 seconds; climb to 2,000 m in 6 minutes 40 seconds; climb to 3,000 m in 11 minutes 20 seconds; climb to 4,000 m in 19 minutes 40 seconds; endurance 2.5 hours
   Armament: one synchronized 7.7-mm Vickers machine gun
   Two built

Morane-Saulnier Type P Single-Seat, Twin-Gun Fighter with 110-hp Le Rhone 9Jb
   Span 11,2m; length 7.2 m; height 3.27 m
   Empty weight 433 kg; loaded weight 693 kg
   Maximum speed: 156 km/h at ground level; 150 km/h at 2,000 m; climb to 2,000 m in 8 minutes 40 seconds; climb to 3,000 m in 17 minutes 20 seconds; ceiling 4,400 m; endurance 2.5 hours
   Armament: two synchronized 7.7-mm Vickers machine guns
   One built

Morane-Saulnier Type P Two-Seat Reconnaissance Aircraft with 110-hp Le Rhone 9Jb (MoS.21) Built in Russia
   Span 11.16m; length 7.18 m; height 3.47 m; wing area 18 sq. m
   Empty weight 433 kg; loaded weight 733 kg; payload 162 kg
   Maximum speed: 163 km/h at sea level; climb to 1,000 m in 3 minutes 30 seconds; climb to 2,000 m in 7 minutes 30 seconds; climb to 3,000 m in 12 minutes; ceiling 4,800 m; endurance 3.5 hours

G.Swanborough, P.Bowers United States Military Aircraft Since 1909 (Putnam)

MORANE-SAULNIER MS-12 ROLEUR

   While most A.E.F. pilots were trained in the conventional American and British way on dual-control two-seaters, some were started out with a modified form of the French “grass-cutting" technique. For this purpose, the Army bought 138 two-seat Morane-Saulnier MS-12s powered with either 50-h.p. Gnome rotary engines or Anzani radials. MS-12s were used for dual instruction and differed from the Baby Bleriots used by the French in being fitted with ailerons.

Jane's All The World Aircraft 1919

The 1916 Model Parasol (Type P) has a Le Rhone engine of 110 h.p. It has been largely used by both the French and British Armies in 1916-17. It resembles the 1915 Type LA reconnaissance and fighting parasol but is marginally larger, also retaining LA-type aileron control instead of the earlier L's warping control
   The speed is about 156 kms (97 miles) per hour
   The surface is 18 sq. metres.
   Weight loaded 731 kg.
   The tanks contain 102 litres of petrol and 20 litres of oil. Suitable for about 2 3/4 hours' flying.
   The type is chiefly used in the French Army for short reconnaissance and artillery observation. It carries one fixed Vickers and one free firing Lewis gun.

W.Green, G.Swanborough The Complete Book of Fighters

MORANE-SAULNIER TYPE P (MoS 21) France

   During the summer of 1916, Morane-Saulnier produced two different single-seat fighter versions of the Type P reconnaissance two-seat parasol monoplane. Both were powered by the 110 hp Le Rhone 9J nine-cylinder rotary, but whereas the first single-seater was a simple conversion retaining the forward cockpit of the two-seater and carrying a single synchronised 7,7-mm Vickers gun, the second version featured a lower-mounted wing, an armament of twin synchronised 7,7-mm guns and an aft-positioned cockpit. Allegedly the first Allied twin-gun fighter, the latter was 183 lb (83 kg) heavier than the former in loaded condition and 5.6 mph (9 km/h) slower at sea level, recorded performance figures proving inferior to those of the two-seat Type P. Two prototypes of the initial version and at least one prototype of the two-gun version were evaluated by the Aviation Militaire, but neither was adopted for series production and the single-seat Type P was officially abandoned in December 1916. The following data relate to the two-gun version.

Max speed, 97 mph (156 km/h) at sea level.
Time to 6,560 ft (2 000 m), 8.67 min.
Endurance, 2.5 hrs.
Empty weight, 955 lb (433 kg).
Loaded weight, 1,528 lb (693 kg).
Span, 36 ft 9 in (11,20 m).
Length, 23 ft 7 1/2 in (7,20 m).
Height, 10 ft 8 3/4 in (3,27 m).

C.Owers French Warplanes of WWI. Volume 1: Fighters (A Centennial Perspective on Great War Airplanes 43)

The Morane-Saulnier Al

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  In 1916 Morane-Saulnier converted their Type P two-seat parasol monoplane to a single-seat fighter. The first type conversion left the pilot in his normal position under the wing. The lack of the observer's weight in the rear cockpit made the machine tricky to land. The later conversion shown here had the pilot's cockpit moved aft, the wing lowered and twin synchronised Vickers guns installed with 750 rounds each. The guns were slightly staggered to allow for the feed arrangement and ammunition stowage. The machine's performance was not good enough for production, especially as the Nieuport fighters were in production with the Spad 7 in the immediate future. It was abandoned in December 1916.
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